Philips Semiconductors

Proximity Antenna Training for 13.56 MHz

50 Ohm matched
antenna

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -1
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna

50  matched antenna

RC500 Rx Rx-
RC400 Circuit

Matching
Matching

Z = 50
(or Tx

Z=50
other Antenna

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -2
EMC-
Reader) Filter
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Requirements:
!
load impedance = 50
1) Matching
2) Resonance
resonance at 13.56 MHz
3) Tuning
4) Q-factor

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -3
quality factor < 35

5) Finetuning
quality factor < 100
6) Receive Circuit
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Guideline:

1) Matching • Design a coil

• Calculate the parallel capacitance

2) Resonance • Tune resonance and impedance
3) Tuning •Connect antenna to the RC500

4) Q-factor
•Tune again

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -4
• Check (and adjust) the Q-factor
5) Finetuning
• Finetune resonance and impedance
6) Receive Circuit • Find the values for Rx-circuit
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Design a coil
L and R of the antenna coil shall be measured
at 13.56 MHz (impedance analyser or L-C-R Meter).

Rext LLLLaabb 300

300nH ...22HH
nH...

RRcoil 00..22
coil  ... 
...22 @13.56 MHz!
Rcoil
Estimation:
L [[HH]] l   ln(l / D )     N 11.8.8
a b .2  [ m]  l   ln(l / D )     N
LLa b 00.2 
[ m]

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -5
La+b = L: coil inductance
l: length of the conductor circular: l = 2**r (r=coil radius)
square l = 4*a (a lateral length)
d: diameter of the conductor
N: number of turns
: shape factor  =1.07 for circular coils
=1.54 for square coils
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Design a coil

1.5

L [µH]1
Rext
0.5

0 5 10 15 20
Rcoil antenna radius [cm]

L 2

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -6
N
1

0 5 10 15 20
antenna radius [cm]
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Calculate the parallel capacitance
LL

RRextext  RRLLRR  Q RRCoil
Coil
Q
C1
Rext Consider the power consumption!
2
 1 
2
RR2 LL 1 C2
2

C2 
CC11 L 
Zant Rcoil
2
C2
L  11 RR2

L  C LL C
CC22  C22  C 22

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -7
11
CC22 2
 L  R22  22 L22
2

   L  R   L  LL
Z a  Z Ant  50    R   R  R
1  ZZ a 1  ZZ a 11R ZZ a
 
with 1 R 1 R
 a  a a
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Tune resonance and impedance
j 0j 00 0
Start ZZant 50
50
ee
ant

tune phase to 0° ± 10° with C2

no yes increase
possible ? fres>13.56MHz ? C2
yes no

yes
decrease

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -8
decrease C1 Z < Zant-10%? C2

no

yes no
Tuning OK
increase C1 Z >Zant+10% ? |Z|=Zant ± 10%
phase=0° ± 10°
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Tune resonance and impedance

1800 80
13.56 MHz
1600 60
1400 40
1200 20
1000
0
|Zin| [] phase [deg.]
800 -20
600

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -9
-40
Zant
400
-60
200 -80
0
phase
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18-100
f [MHz]
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Connect Antenna to the MF RC500

Guideline:
• Design a coil

• Calculate the parallel capacitance

• Tune resonance and impedance

•Connect antenna to the RC500

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -10
•Tune again

• Check (and adjust) the Q-factor

• Finetune resonance and impedance

• Find the values for Rx-circuit

 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Tune resonance and impedance
Start

Find dmax

C1 Add C C < 10 pF
Rext
Find max. distance

Zant Rant
C2 yes distance
increased ?
Lant
decrease C2 no

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -11
yes no C
is added
no

remove C
add 2* C to C2a
add 2* C to C2b
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Balun
The same as directly
I
matched antenna...
+U

50 

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -19
-U
I

Balun
Balun(balanced
(balanced--unbalanced)
unbalanced)
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Compensated antenna

I
I

50  50 

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -20
I
I
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Principle of the compensated antenna

without compensation

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -21
with compensation
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Example: Circular antenna

L = 450nH
R = 0.3 

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -22
 Philips Semiconductors

50  matched antenna
Example: Square antenna

L = 700nH
R = 0.3 

M211_50-Ohm-Ant_V11_RBt -23