Runge-Kutta 4th-Order

Method
4th Order Runge-Kutta Method (Average slopes of 4 points to approximate the result)
𝒇˙  𝟒 : 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕  
current value
  next value
=

=
=
=
  𝒇˙  𝟑 : 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒊𝒅 − 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 =
=

𝒇˙  𝟐 : 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒊𝒅 − 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕

 
𝑦  0 =
𝒇˙  𝟏 : 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕

h 𝑡  0+ h
𝑡 0 𝑡  0+
2
clear
close all
%% the function is mv'=-bv+f intitial condition v(0)=0.5  
%% the exact solution is v=f/b+(-f/b+0.5)*exp((-b/m)*t))
%%
m=1;
b=2;
f=3;
tstart=0;
tend=10;
h = 0.001; %%change to small step size (0.1 or 0.01) then the result of numerical
method will be better Time step
t = tstart:h:tend;
v_num(1) = 0.5;
t(1) = 0;
v_exact(1) =0.5;
%fprintf('Step 0: t = %12.8f, w = %12.8f\n', t, w);
for i=2:size(t,2)
Slop of Point1
k1 = h*fnum(t(i-1),v_num(i-1));
Slop of Point2
k2 = h*fnum(t(i-1)+h/2, v_num(i-1)+k1/2); 4th-Order Runge-Kutta Method
Slop of Point3
k3 = h*fnum(t(i-1)+h/2, v_num(i-1)+k2/2); V_num(1)=v(0)=0.5
k4 = h*fnum(t(i-1)+h, v_num(i-1)+k3); Slop of Point4
Iteration from 2 to final step
v_num(i) = v_num(i-1) + (k1+2*k2+2*k3+k4)/6;
end
yt=tstart:0.01:tend;
y(1) =0.5;
for i=2:size(yt,2) Get Exact Result
v_exact(i) = fexact(yt(i)); Time interval:0.01
end
figure
plot(t,v_num)
hold on
plot(yt,v_exact) Plot Result
legend('RK Method','exact result')
xlabel('time(s)')
ylabel('velocity(m/s)')
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
function dv = fnum(t,v)
m=1;
b=2; Use to calculate the slope in Runge-Kutta Method
f=3;
dv = -b*v+f;
end
function v_exact = fexact(t)
m=1;
b=2; Use to calculate the exact solution
f=3;
v_exact=(f/b)+(-f/b+0.5)*exp((-b/m)*t);
end
 0<𝑡
  ≤ 𝑡𝑐

𝑡  > 𝑡 𝑐

𝑃
𝑓  𝑝= ; 𝑓 𝑑 =𝑏𝑣
𝑣

0<𝑡
  ≤ 𝑡𝑐 𝑚
  𝑣˙ =𝑓 𝑝 − 𝑓 𝑑

𝑡  > 𝑡 𝑐 𝑚
  𝑣˙ =− 𝑓 𝑑
𝑐 ¿ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑡h𝑒 𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑂𝐷𝐸
 
  d)
Initial Condition:0

Solve by Laplace Transform

and Inverse Laplace Transform

  Initial Condition:

Solve by Laplace Transform

and Inverse Laplace Transform
  e) as

𝑣 2 𝑐 = 𝑣 (2 𝑡 𝑐 )
 
  f)
, 
 

What is ?
i) Compare Exact and Numerical Solution

Runge-Kutta 4th Order Method

j) Work and Energy
 Work: W(t) from Engine

Kinetic: K(t)

Total Energy: E(t)= W(t) – D(t) – K(t)

Dissipated Energy: –D(t)

If you draw D(t) the value is positive
clear Matlab Integral
close all
%%%Two Ways to do the Integral Function
Chose one method to calculation the energy
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%First method, use numerical integral%%%%%%%%%%%%
fun=@(t)(1-exp(-t));
t=0:0.01:1;
%use for loop to calculate the numerical solution from 0 to 1s First Method:
%time interval is 0.1s Integral by numerical integral
for i=1:size(t,2)
W(i)=integral(fun,0,t(i));
end
plot(t,W);

%%%%%%%%%Second Method Use Symbolic Integral%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%Create the symbolic variable
syms t C
p_sym=(1-exp(-t)); %Origianl Function before Integral
Wexact_sym=int(p_sym)+C %Symbolic integral function int(symbolic equation)
%%%Calculate the Constant C Second Method:
%Waxact_sym(0)=0=C+t+exp(-t)--> C=-t-exp(-t) and t=0; Integral by Symbolic integral
t=0;
C=-t-exp(-t);
%Draw the Exact Solution
t=0:0.01:1; %Creat Time Variable
Wexact=(t+exp(-t))+C; %generate the exact solution from 0 to 1 sec
hold on
plot(t,Wexact);