COUNSELING

The process of helping individuals

discover and develop their potentials
and to achieve optimal level of
happiness and social engagements.
COUNSELING
A process of communicating between
two or more persons who meet to
solve a problem, resource or take a
decision on various matters.
COUNSELING
Smith (1955) defines it as “A process
in which the counselor assists the
counselee to make interpretations of
facts relating to a choice, plan, or
adjustments which he needs to make.”
THE NEED FOR COUNSELING
• Life is getting complex day by day
• To assist individual to achieve
adequate adjustment in the varied
life situations
COUNSELING
• Is an interaction process which
facilitates meaningful understanding
of self and environment.
• It is providing conditions which
facilitates voluntary change.
• Is a process in which the structure
of self is relaxed in the safety of the
relationship with the counselor.
COUNSELING IS NOT…
• Giving information
• Giving advise
• Brainwashing
• Forcing beliefs or behavior
 Relationship Establishment

Problem Identification
and Exploration

COUNSELING Planning for

Problem Solving
PROCESS
Solution Application

Termination
COUNSELING APPROACHES
• Client-Centered • Logotherapy
Counseling
• Choice/Reality
• Psychoanalytic Therapy
Therapy
• Adlerian Counseling
• Gestalt Therapy
• Cognitive-Behavior
• Behavior Therapy Therapy
• Rational Emotive • Solution-Focused
Behavior Therapy Therapy
• Existential Therapy • Eclectic Counseling
GOALS OF COUNSELING
• Guide the client to find her purpose
and meaning of life
• More engagements with other
people
GOALS OF COUNSELING
• Accept oneself, forgiving others and
oneself, admit- ting one’s
shortcomings, accepting personal
responsibility, letting go of hurts and
resentments, dealing with guilt, and
learning to let go of self-destructive
patterns of thinking, feeling, and
acting.
COUNSELING GOALS

Developmental

Remedial Preventive

GENERIC
GOALS

Reinforcement Enhancement

Exploratory
COUNSELING GOALS

Cognitive

Human
Spiritual Dimensional Psychological
Goals

Physiological
 TYPES OF COUNSELING
ACCORDING TO PARTICIPANTS

Individual Counseling

Group Counseling

Multiple Counseling

Couple Counseling

Family Counseling
AREAS FOR COUNSELING
Family Problems
Depression
Sexuality
Relationship Concerns
Sleep Difficulties
Anger
Anxiety
Stress
 SPECIALIZED AREAS
• Diet counseling
• Crisis counseling
• Grief or Bereavement counseling
• Pastoral counseling
• Leisure counseling
 SPECIALIZED AREAS
• Addiction counseling
• Substance abuse
• Substance dependency
• Cyber addiction
• Addiction to the addicted
 1 Analysis
COUNSELING
2 Synthesis
PROCEDURE 3 Diagnosis
Williamson and
Darley have
mentioned six
4 Prognosis
steps of counseling
procedure. 5 Counseling
6 Follow Up
 COUNSELING SITUATIONS
• Normal Development Plan
• Temporary Crisis
• Disturbed Behavior
• Cases Needing Specialist
Treatment
TYPES OF COUNSELING
• Directive Counseling
• Non Directive Counseling /
Client Centered Counseling
• Short Term Counseling
• Long Term Counseling
• Psychological Counseling
• Clinical Counseling
TYPES OF COUNSELING
• Student Counseling
• Placement Counseling
• Marriage Counseling
• Vocational Counseling
• Psycho Therapeutic Counseling
• Individual Counseling
• Group Counseling
TYPES OF COUNSELING
• Behavioral Counseling
• Dietary Counseling
• Motivational Counseling
• Interpersonal Counseling
• Problem Solving Counseling
• Educational Counseling
TYPES OF COUNSELING
• Moral, religious, and social
Counseling
• Counseling in leisure time
• Self help group counseling
• Peer group counseling
LEVELS OF COUNSELING
1. Informal Counseling
2. Non-specialist Counseling
3. Professional Counseling
BASIC COMPONENTS OF
COUNSELING
1. Rapport
2. Communication
3. Understanding
4. Change in feelings and
expressions
5. Planning of counseling interview
 Establish a Consulting
Relationship
Clarify the Problem
Situation
Determine Desired
Outcome
Stages/Steps In Develop Ideas and
The Counseling Strategies
Process Develop a Plan

Specify the Plan

Confirm the Consulting

Relationship
 PHASES OF COUNSELING
Termination
& Follow Up
Phase 5
Intervention

Setting Phase 4
Goals
Phase 3
Assessment

Establishing Phase 2
Relationship
Phase 1
BEHAVIORS / MINDSET
TO WATCH OUT
• Arbitrary inferences
• Overgeneralization
• Personalization
• Labeling and mislabeling
• Polarize thinking
 SPECIAL SKILLS REQUIRED

Recognizing
and Problem-
understanding solving Facilitating
differing
skills skills
environments

Counseling
• Listening Other skills
• • Coordinating
Observing
•
• Paraphrasing Evaluation •
Mediating
Planning
• Asking Questions
• Explaining
skills • Educating
• • Motivating
Feedback-giving
PREVENTION & WELLNESS
• Prevention - Keep something from
happening or arising (such as
disorder)
• Content Areas
• People Involved
PREVENTION & WELLNESS
• Wellness – Promote lifestyle change
for healthy living
• Stress Management
• Understanding stress
• Self-awareness
• Stress Prevention/Management
PREVENTION & WELLNESS
• Wellness – Promote lifestyle change
for healthy living
• Recreation and Leisure Activities
• Growth groups
• Travel/Missions
• Sports activities
• Fellowships
PREVENTION & WELLNESS
• Wellness – Promote lifestyle change
for healthy living
• Quieting Activities
• Massage
• Spa
• Solitary Walk
• Retreats
• Hyrdrotherapy
The single most important
aspect in counseling is
RELATIONSHIP
_______________.
Top 3 Qualities
of a Leader
Provide emotional release
Spirituality and religion are critical
sources of strength for many
clients—the bedrock for finding
meaning in life—and can be a key
factor in promoting healing and
well-being.