Sculptures

Jose Rizal
Promethe
us Bound
Promethe
us bound ● Sculptor: Jose
Rizal
● Year: 1890
● Material: Clay
● Dedicated to:
Ferdinand
Blumentritt
● Inspiration:
Prometheus Bound
by Aeschylus
 Rizal wanted to
emphasize the
interpret great potentials
ations of the Filipinos
which had been
shackled by
ignorance for
more than 300
years.
 It is by opening the
interpret people’s mind that
will bring light
ations through education
that will liberate
them from eternal
darkness.
 Those who attempt
interpret to educate and
awaken the people
ations of their sense of
nationalism are
being persecuted
and deprived of
their rights.
 PROMETHEUS’
interpret FIRE
ations =
EDUCATION,
AWAKENING,
EMANCIPATION
San Pablo
El
Ermitanio
 el ● Sculptor: Jose
ermitanio Rizal
● Year: 1893
● Material: Terra
Cota
● Dedicated to: Fr.
Pablo Pastells
● Inspiration: St.
Paul of Thebes
inscriptions
 Rizal gave the
interpret sculpture as a gift to
Fr. Pablo Pastells, a
ations sign that he
appreciates the
latter’s effort to win
him back to the
Catholic faith.
interpret Rizal’s sign of
veneration to the
ations friar as he shared
the same name
with the saint
interpret St. Paul the hermit
ations symbolizes Fr.
Pastell’s loyalty to
the Catholic faith.
Amor patrio

Jose Rizal
Historic
al
context
El Amor Patrio
Author: Jose Rizal
Pen Name: Laong Laan
Published: 20 August 1882, Diariong Tagalog
31 October 1890, La Solidaridad
Genre: Essay
Language: Spanish (Rizal)
El Amor Patrio
● The first literary article he had written in
the soil of Spain.
● Requested by Basilio Teodoro, the
managing editor of Diariong Tagalog.
● Established by Marcelo
H. del Pilar and Don
Francisco Calvo in
1882
● Bilingual (Tagalog and
Spanish)
● Aims reform
El Amor Patrio
● Considered a forgotten work due to its
omission from Escritos de Jose Rizal
● The literary movement in Spain that time
was costumbrismo.
 Rizal’s
Inspiratio ● Virgil
ns ● Marcus Tullius
The Latin authors he Cicero
studied in his Poetry ● Quintus Horatius
and Rhetoric class in
Ateneo
Flaccus (Horace)
“I seek my country Italy
and a people born of Jupiter
on high…”

~Virgil, The Aenid

“Now, your country, which “For whatever be the
is the common parent visage… Whatever be her
of all of us, hates and name, her age, her
fears you, and has no fortune-- we always
other opinion of you, than love her as children
that you are meditating love their mother even
parricide in her case…” in hunger and poverty.”

~ Cicero, Catilinian ~Rizal, El Amor Patrio

Orations
“It’s sweet and “Some have sacrificed their youth,
their joys; others have dedicated
fitting to die their brilliance of their genius; still
for one’s others shed their blood… And
what in turn does she do for them?
country.”
She weeps and proudly presents
~Horace, them to the world, to posterity
and her children, as worthy of
Odes emulation.”

~Rizal, El Amor Patrio

Develope
d His He felt the
stirrings of
Amor “patriotic
sentiments”
Patrio when he was in
his sophomore
Reminiscences and year in Ateneo
Travels of Jose Municipal de
Rizal Manila.
 “The study of poetry and
Rhetoric had further refined
my sentiments; Virgil,
Horace, Cicero and other
authors showed a new way
which I could follow in pursuit
of my aspirations…”
Develope
d His
Amor ● His family’s
experience at the
Patrio hands of the
religious group
Some factors that owned their
that further farmland
motivated him
Develope
d His
Amor ● Absence of the
freedom of press
Patrio ● Lack of
Some factors educational
that further privilege
motivated him
 d His
Amor ● A Literary contest
Patrio in 1879
● Rizal’s entry was
A La Juventud
Liceo Artistico
Literario Filipina (To the
Philippine Youth)
A La Juventud
Filipina
● Won first prize (silver feather-shaped pen
and a diploma)
● Overlooked by the Spanish judges
● A wake-up call to the Filipino youth to excel
in the science and the arts
 Unfold, oh timid flower!

Lift up your radient brow,

This day, Youth of my native
strand!
Your abounding talents show
Resplendently and grand,
Fair hope of my Motherland!
A La Juventud
Filipina
● Has a “positive” view on the Spaniards
● Rizal’s biographers had conflicts in
interpreting the patria that Rizal is
referring to
○ Retana vs. Guerrero
 See that in the ardent zone,
The Spaniard, where shadows
stand,
Doth offer a shining crown,
With wise and merciful hand
To the son of his Indian land.
Analysts Prophesy of future,
death and reference
Retana and Guerrero on Amor
Patrio
Wenceslao Retana’s
View ● Saw Rizal’s
nationalistic
tendencies
● PATRIA =
PHILIPPINES
"He predicts
what he
plans to do
and indeed
what would
Leon Ma. Guerrero’s
View
● A la Juventud Filipina
reflects Rizal’s premature
nationalism
● “Casual rhymes”
● PATRIA = PHILIPPINES
AND SPAIN
". . .we should find it just as reasonable to believe
that Rizal meant Spain when he said patria as that
he meant the Philippines, and, if he meant the
Philippines, we should find it just as likely that he
used patria in the sense of birthplace as that he
used it in the sense of nation"
Refere
nce
 "a sad and lonely “the researcher engrossed
figure dressed in ed in his office He has seen
better days; his sight
rags, a slave longing
weakens, his hair becomes
for her enslaved white and sparse as his
children" dreams vanish; his
shoulders are bent. He is in
search of the truth; he has
spent years trying to solve a
problem;”
Effects
of El
Amor
Patrio
● Rizal’s message was not lost on the
Spaniards who read it
○ He was warned by Silvestre Ubaldo, his
brother-in-law, that he became the object
of hatred for some friars.
● Andres Bonifacio wrote the poem Pag-ibig
sa Tinubuang Lupa.
native land and
no matter how
beautiful
Europe may be,
I like to return
to her.
(June 13, 1892, Marseilles [Diary
Entry])
“here is
your native
land;love
her. “
(laong laan, 1882)
Unive
rsal
 present
worldwide;
that people
worship
Patria as an
idol. Offering
“Everyone--from cultured Europeans, free and
proud
of their glorious history, to black Africans
plucked from the forests and shamefully sold
as slaves; from ancient avilizations which
survive in melancholic ruins memoralizing their
triumphs and defeats, to modem nations
throbbing with motion and life--everyone has
worshipped the fatherland like an idol,
fair, brilliant and sublime, but at the same time
In praise of one's country, songs in a
thousand languages have risen and music in
most melodious strains has filled the air. The
sharpest of minds compat
riots
and the most inspired of geniuses have
regaled her with their brilliance. The beloved
country has been the rallying point in the
struggle for peace, love and glory, for she
occupies the minds of all and, like light from
limpid crystal, scatters rap of radiance in all
Must do
the
same as
others
“Therefore, in the fashion of the
Hebrews of old who made offerings of
the first fruits of their labor of low, we
exiles in a foreign land will
dedicate our first words to our
country shrouded in clouds and
morning mists, ever fair and poetic,
ever more
the object of idol worship the longer
Natur
al
“Do not be
surprised,
for these
sentiments
are but
“For in the land of our birth the memory of
our earliest years still lingers like an
enchanted fairy taking a stroll, visible only to
the eyes of children, the flower of innocence
and bliss sprouting at her feet. There the
past remains in slumber and we get a
glimpse of the future The woods and plains,
wery tme, every bush, every flower bear the
images of people you love;”
“... you feel their breath in the sweet
smelling breeze, hear their song in the
sound of the fountains, see their smile
in the brilliance of the sun, sense their
anxieties in the troubled howling of
winds at night. With the eyes of the
imagination you see in the quiet
ancestral home the family which
remembers you and awaits your return,
Conne
ction
&
we have with
her binds us to
our motherland
and the
separation from
her causes
severe
“More than likely , it is these beauteous
elements and fond memories which
strengthen the bond that ties us to the
land of our birth, causing while we are
in our country a sense of well-being or
when we go away, the pathological
condition of severe depression and
cruel nostalgia.”
Depres
sion &
nostal
 country not to
make him miss his
beloved country
more and that
would hunt him
until he was back
to its soils once
“Oh, don't you ever bring sorrow to the stranger
that comes to your shores.
Don't you awaken in him vivid memories of his
beloved country and the joys
in his home for unfortunately you will induce this
illness which will grip him
like a ghost to vanish only when he steps on his
native soil again or approaches his own grave.”
“Give him not the slightest cause for
bitterness, for his tendency is to recall
the bliss in his lost home and blow his woes
out of proportion.”
Consta
nt
emotio
Until death
Cites
historic
figures as
examples
country is
perhaps the
most constant
of emotions, if
there ever be
anything
“In exile, at the prospect of an obscure grave,
Napoleon remembered France, which he loved
so dearly, and so willed that his remains be
brought
home in the sure hope of finding sweet expose
in his native soil. Ovid, cutting a still sadder
figure, inasmuch as he knew that not even his
ashes would return to Rome, was consoled in
his death agony at Black Sea by the thought
that he would go to the Capitol if not in person,
at least in the making of his verses .”
“love is an
extremely
powerful
force behind

most noble
From Brutus, who condemned his own sons to death for

treason, to Guzman, who out of a sense of duty stopped not the

execution of his family, what dramas, tragedies and martyrdoms
have taken place for the sake of this implacable deity who in
exchange for the sacrifice of children offers nothing but words of
gratitude and benediction!
● Researcher engrossed with his works
● Farmer burnt by the sun tilling the stubborn earth
● The father abandons his children, sons their parents; all
rush in defense of the native land
● Jesus Christ who died in defense of beloved country
Love
her
 Love her whatever state
she may be

Love her whatever

situation you may have
be.
“For whatever be the visage of the beloved
country-a
rich and mighty lady clothed in royal purple,
with a crown of towers and laurels on her head;
or a sad and lonely figure dressed in rags, a
slave longing for her enslaved children; or some
nymph, beautifid and pretty like the dream of
deluded youth, playing in a garden of delights
by the blue sea; or a woman shrouded in snow
somewhere in the north pole awaiting her fate
under a sunless and starless sky;”
name, her age,
her fortune,--we
always love her
as children love
their mother even
“You whose ideals of the past are lost, you
whose hearts are wounded and
whose dreams have vanished one by one,
you are like the trees of autumn
without flowers and leaves, and wishing to
love, you find nothing worthy of your
affections: here is your native land;
love her.”
“You who have lost father or mother or
brother or spouse or child, or a
beloved on whom you were building your
dreams, and find within yourselves nothing
but a vast and terrifying emptiness: here
is your own country, love her as she
deserves.”
“Whatever
be then our
situation, let
us love her
and wish her
nothing but
Proper
ly
Refor
ms
Love her, yes, not in the ways of old
through rough deeds rejected and
condemned by genuine morality and
mother nature, but rather, by doing away
with all display of fanaticism,
destructiveness and cruelty. The rosy
dawn rises in the horizon, scattering sweet
and quiet rays of light, harbinger of life and
peace--true dawn of Christianity announcing
happy and tranquil days,
It is our duty to tread the hard but
peaceful and productive paths of science
which lead to progress and ultimately to the
union which Jesus Christ wished and prayed
for on the night of his passion.
Political
and
religion How Rizal’s religious

context ideas and engagement to

religious debates were in
fuction to his view on
politics
● Started his patriotic aspirations in his
last year at the Ateneo (Memorias)
● Reference of Christ and Christianity
● A budding liberalism
● Most Catholic life.
The thrust of essay is political
"The country is in danger!,"
sounds the alarm. As by a magic
command,
soldiers and leaders rise from
the land. The father abandons
his children, sons
their parents; all rush in defense
of the native land, the mother of
all”
But it carries a religious
dimension.
“Jesus Christ who out of great
love came to the world for the
good of humanity and died for
all in defense of the laws of his
own beloved country, down to
the unknown victims of
modern revolutions!”
 Pag ibig
Historical
sa
Context
tinubuan
g lupa
Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Andres
Bonifacio
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Gatmaitan and
❖ co -founded “Diariong diariong
Tagalog”
with Don Francisco Calvo y
tagalog
Munoz, a peninsular treasury
official in the Philippines.
❖ It is the first bilingual
newspaper that published both
Filipino and Spanish articles. El Amor Patrio
“𝒫𝒶𝑔-𝒾𝒷𝒾𝑔 𝓈𝒶
𝓉𝒾𝓃𝓊𝒷𝓊𝒶𝓃𝑔 𝓁𝓊𝓅𝒶”
 “The newspaper took
advantage to speak out in
favor of various reforms, as
well as to promote a
moderate gospel of
nationalism.”
 ❖ The article “El Amor
Patrio” was first published
in Diariong Tagalog on
August 20, 1882 edited by
Basilio Teodoro Moran.
❖ Del Pilar translation was
also published entitled
“Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang
Lupa”
Basilio
Teodoro
Moran
El amor tinubuang
patrio lupa
➢ Motherland
➢ Fatherland
➢ Country Inang-bayan
➢ Beloved
Siya
country
➢ Her
➢ Native land
“Here is your
own country,
love her as
she
deserves.”
 “Nariyan ng
inang-bayan;
mahalin ninyo
siya gaya ng
nararapat.”
“Ipinara ng ilan ang
kanilang kabataan, ang
kanilang kaligayahan; ang
iba’ y naghandog sa kanya
ng kaningningan ng
kanilang kadalubhasaan;
ang mga ito’y nagbuo ng
kanilang dugo; ang lahat ay
namatay at nagpamana sa
kanilang inang-bayan ng
isang malaking kayamanan;
ang kalayaan at
Some have sacrificed their youth,
their joys; others have dedicated the
brilliance of their genius; still others
shed blood. All have bequeathed an
immeasurable fortune, the liberty
and glory of the beloved country. And
what in turn does she do for them?
She weeps and proudly presents
them to the world, to posterity and
her children, as worthy of emulation.
 “Kalayaan”
Andres ❖ Marcelo H. del
Bonifacio’s
● the best known of all ❖
Pilar
Katipunan’s
Katipunan texts, this paean to
secret
patriotism calls upon the
society’s
people to rise up and rescue
publication
the unhappy motherland from ❖ Battle cry
her torment. ❖ “Kalangitan”
● The poem was published in
Kalayaan in March 1896
 Jose Emilio
Santos Jacinto
● The familiar Tagalog ● This too is a draft, and
text of “Pagibig,” which it is almost certainly
was first published by an earlier draft than
José P. Santos in 1935, the text published by
was probably Santos. The poem at
transcribed not from an that stage was
actual printed copy of evidently still a “work
the paper, but from a in progress”
handwritten draft
 Jose Emilio
Santos Jacinto
3. 3.
¡Banal na pag ibig! pag ¡Banal na pagibig! pagikaw
ikaw ang nukal ang nukal
sa tapat na puso ng sino't sa tapat na puso ng sino't
alin man alin man,
imbit taong gubat maralitat imbi’t taong gubat
mang mang maralita’t mangmang
naguiguing dakila at nagiging dakila at
iguinagalang. iginagalang.
 revolutionary
overwhelmed
by emotions
Major
sentiment:
filipino’s lack of
nationalism;
provoking
“Datapwa kung bayan ng ka-Tagalogan
ay nilalapastangan at niyuyurakan
katwiran, puri niya’t kamahalan
ng sama ng lilong ibang bayan.”
 “Di gaano kaya ang paghihinagpis
ng pusong Tagalog sa puring nalait
at aling kaluoban na lalong tahimik
ang di pupukawin sa paghihimagsik?”
“Nasaan ang dangal ng mga Tagalog,
nasaan ang dugong dapat na ibuhos?
Bayan ay inaapi, bakit di kumikilos?
at natitilihang ito’y mapanood.”
● Why he thinks the
Philippines is worth fighting
for; duty
Based on his life(childhood),
his experiences among fellow
filipinos
Describes a country
enslaved, his despair, anger
Duty
“Walang mahalagang hindi inahandog
ng pusong mahal sa Bayang nagkupkop
dugo, yaman, dunong, katiisa’t pagod
buhay ma’y abuting magkalagot-lagot.”
Childhoo
d
“Ay! Ito’y ang Inang Bayang tinubuan
siya’y ina’t tangi na kinamulatan
ng kawili-wiling liwanag ng araw
na nagbibigay init sa lunong katawan.”
A country enslaved
“Ang nangakaraang panahon ng aliw,
ang inaasahang araw na darating
ng pagka-timawa ng mga alipin
liban pa ba sa bayang tatanghalin?”
 “Panaho’y matamis sa
Tinubuang Bayan
at pawang panglugad
ang balang matanauan,
ang simoy sa parang ay
panghatid buhay,
Tapat ang pag-irog, sulit
ang mamatay.”
Comparis
ons
 Rizal’s
love for
country
 “Mahalin ninyo siya, oo nga, nguni't hindi gaya ng
pagmamahal sa kanya ng nakaraang panahon, sa
paggawa ng mga malulupit na kabanalang itinakwil at
sinumpa ng tunay na kabaitang-asal at ng inang
kalikasan; hindi sa pagpaparangalan ng
pananampalatayang bulag, ng pagwawasak at ng
pagkamalupit, hindi nga. Lalong kaaya-ayang bukang-liwayway
ng kristiyanismo, sagisag ng mga araw na maligaya at
matahimik. Kautangan nating manunton sa matigas nguni't
payapa't mabungang landas ng agham na humahantong sa pag-
unlad, at buhat doo'y sa pagkakaisang nilunggati't hiningi ni
Hesukristo sa gabi ng kanyang pagpapakasakit.”
El Amor Patrio, Jose Rizal
Bonifacio
’s love
for
country
Alin pag ibig pa ang hihigit kaya
sa pagka dalisay at pagkadakila
gaya ng pag ibig sa tinubuang
lupa?
alin pag ibig pa? wala na nga,
wala.
Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (saknong 1),
Andres Bonifacio
Pati ng magdusat sampung kamatayan
wari ay masarap kung dahil sa
Bayan
At lalung maghirap ¡oh! himalang
bagay
Lalung pag irog pa ang sa kaniay
alay.
Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (saknong 14),
Andres Bonifacio
the alarm. As by a magic command,
soldiers and leaders rise from the
land. The father abandons his
children, sons
their parents; all rush in defense of
the native land, the mother of all.
They bid
farewell to their home and peaceful
chores, and hide with their helmet
the
tears that well from tender hearts.
“.. Iniiwan ng mga “Kung ang bayang ito’y
ama ang anak, ng nasa panganib
mga anak ang ama,
at siya ay dapat na
at lahat sila’y
ipagtangkilik
dumadaluhong
upang magtanggol ang anak, asawa,
sa ina ng lahat.” magulang, kapatid
isang tawag niya’y
tatalikdang pilit.”
Amor
patrio “Love, and Rizal’s faith:
“morir por darte vida”
Mi ultimo adios
To die is to rest.
Historical
Context
Mi Ultimo Adios
● Was written a night before his execution (12/29/1896).
● Given to his mother, Teodora Alonzo, sisters Lucia, Josefa,
Trinidad, Maria, Narcisa, and his two nephews.
● Hidden in a small alcohol stove (cocinilla), not alcohol lamp
(lamparilla)
 - Initially titled the text
as “Mi Ultimo
Pensamiento” or “My
Last Thoughts” as it

MARIANO originally had none

PONCE
 Fr.
Mariano - had a copy of the poem
while a prisoner in Bilibid
(jail), published it in the

Dacanay first issue of La

Independencia on
September 25, 1898 with
the title "Ultimo Adios”
 - the periodical organ
of the Revolution

La - founded on Sept. 3,
1898 by Gen.

Independ Antonio Luna

- Lasted until Nov. 11,

encia 1900
Comparis
on
Amor patrio & mi ultimo
adios
Commonality Differences:

theme: Amor Patrio Amor Patrio - essay, written in foreign

lands, addressed to compatriots
Country is both object of idol worship.
Mi ultimo Adios - poem, held prisoner in
Lost home, an Eden lost his native land, parting words to Patria

Theme of sacrifice for the country

Union (mystical union/physical union)

On the fields of battle, in the fury of fight,
Others give you their lives without pain or
hesitancy,
The place does not matter: cypress laurel,
lily white,
Scaffold, open field, conflict or martyrdom's
site,
It is the same if asked by home and Country.

Mi ultimo
adios
 “As by a magic command, soldiers and leaders rise
from the land. The father abandons his children,
sons their parents; all rush in defense of the
native land, the mother of all….All set forth and
die! Perhaps it's a father blessed with children,
fair and smiling like angels, or a young man full
of bright hopes, or a son, or someone in love: it
does not matter who. All fight in the defense of
one who gave them life; they only fulfill their
duty.”

Amor
patrio
Mi ultimo adios / national
anthem/el
Patria adorada, idolatra -amor patrio
Range through nature’s
tierra adorada (bayang element and environment
magiliw)
Supreme sacrifice of life in
Pearl of the Orient - Perlas ng death
Silanganan
“ang
mamatay
ng dahil
sayo”
Finally, you find poetry,
tenderness and love in the
sky,
the sun, the seas and
forests, and even in the
cemetery where a humble
grave
waits to receive you back
into the womb of the earth.
Amor
patrio
And when my grave by all is no
more remembered,
With neither cross nor stone to
mark its place,
Let it be plowed by man, with
spade let it be scattered
And my ashes ere to
nothingness are restored,
Let them turn to dust to cover
your earthly space
Mi ultimo
adios
 Our duty… is to love our
Amor country and our
conscience dictates that
patrio we do everything that our
duty calls for. (Letter to
Significance to the Society his parents, Madrid, Oct. 1,
1885)
 To show your love
for country
in any way possible
“Look at the researcher engrossed in his office
He has seen better days; his
sight weakens, his hair becomes white and
sparse as his dreams vanish; his
shoulders are bent. He is in search of the truth; “Turn your eyes to the farmer burnt by
he has spent years trying to the sun tilling the stubborn earth and
solve a problem; he has endured hunger and burying a seed. He too contributes
thirst, cold and heat, sicknesses through his modest but useful work to
and misfortunes. He will soon go to his grave the glory of the nation.”
and now in his agony offers to
his country an achievement to add to her crown
of glory--a discovery which
will produce untold benefits.”
to show gratitude
not only
to the native land,
but also to
What is in it.
1.Defen Filipinos need to have freedom from

ding want, from hunger, from ignorance,

and from fear before we can talk

the about being Filipino, and loving the

people Philippines.
“Ang nangakaraang panahon ng aliw,

ang inaasahang araw na darating

ng pagka-timawa ng mga alipin,

liban pa ba sa bayan tatanghalin?”

-Andres Bonifacio, Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, 1896

2.
Defendin Bonifacio’s poem is rich with

metaphors from nature—for example,

g the the metaphor of “Inang Bayan” (the

environ
motherland) giving warmth, like

sunlight.

ment
 “At ang balang kahoy at ang balang sanga
na parang niya’t gubat na kaaya-aya.
sukat ang makita’t sa ala-ala
ang ina’t ang giliw lampas sa saya.

Tubig niyang malinaw sa anaki’y bulog

bukal sa batisang nagkalat sa bundok
malambot na huni ng matuling agos
na nakaka aliw sa pusong may lungkot.”
-Andres Bonifacio, Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, 1896
TO SEEK FOR PEACE,
NOT JUST FOR OUR
OWN COUNTRY, BUT
FOR THE
WHOLE WORLD
“Whatever be then our situation, let us love her and wish her nothing but her

good. Thus we will work for that end which God has wished for all humankind,

universal harmony and peace in all creation.”

Jose Rizal, El Amor Patrio,