Communicatio

n for Various
Purposes
Objectives: 2

On completion of the lesson, you should be able

to:
• Recognize the convention and definition of
the explanation essay.
• Differentiate between diary entry and the
blog.
• Appreciate the benefits and challenges of
writing a blog.
• Compare the research-based argumentative
essay from explanation essay and the blog.
Objectives: 3

• Identify the different types of debate and

their structures.
• Explain literature as a vehicle for
communication ideas and the fictional
elements that come together to convey a
message about human experience.
• Perform and construct an argument in a form
of a debate.
 4

Explanation
Essay
 5
• Describes your opinion
on something, the ideas
of another person, a Explanati
process to follow, or an
on Essay
event that has taken
place.
• Written piece of work
that addresses “why”
questions
• Should present
convincing and adequate
Writing Conventions:
• Spelling
• Punctuation
• Capitalization
• Grammar
 7

The
Blog
 8
The
• The term “blog” was
Blog
first used in the
1990’s and it is the
short version of
“weblog” or an
individualized
piece of written
work found on the
 9
NOUN
1.A website containing a writer’s or group of writers’ own
experiences, observations, opinions, etc., and often having
images or links to other websites.
2. A single entry or post on such a website

VERB (USED WITHOUT OBJECT)

3. To maintain or add new entries to a blog.

VERB (USED WITH OBJECT) Source:

4. To express or write about on a blog
(DICTIONARY.COM)
Blogs and Diary entries
distinguished: 10

Blogs Diaries
• Uploaded online • Traditional or Written
• Easier to include • Done in a
visual features as well Chronological order of
as links. events.
• Public in nature. • Usually private in
• Concerned with nature
communicating a • Documentation of an
message. They are both:
idea or emotion.
• Individual accounts
• Usually personal and
subjective
 11

Research-Based
Argumentative
Essay
 RESEARCH-BASED12
EXPLANATION
BLOG ARGUMENTATIVE
ESSAY ESSAY

What is it? An essay that A personal journal or An essay that

answers the question diary entry that is presents a writer’s
“why”. posted online. position with support
from research
studies.

What is the purpose To inform the readers Any of the following: To persuade readers
of writing project? about why something -To entertain to accept the writer’s
happens. -To instruct position.
-To inform
-To persuade

Does it require Research may be Research may be Research must be

research? used but is not used but is not used to support the
required. required. claim or position
 13

The essay is
argumentative,
meaning you are
expected to
present a clear
stand on an issue
that has at least
two different
sides.
 14

Many good example

of topics include
those who do not
deal with legalizing
practices in the
Philippines and
concerns in your
school, province,
cities, and
barangays.
 15

If one’s topic is
decided, read about
the issue then
formulate a research
question.
Here are some examples:
• Why should divorce be
legalized in the Philippines?
• Why should the practice of
proper waste segregation be
instituted in my barangay?
 16

The next step is to

find answers to your
question, this
requires the
preparation of an
annotated
research
bibliography, which
is a list of sources
with brief discription
 17

Your sources must

be acceptable
• Is it relevant?
• Does it provide
latest facts and
figures?
• Is it reliable?
 18

The following sources are

usually NOT considered:
• Any holy book or
inspirational writing.
• Any work of literature
• The dictionary
• Personal blogs or journal,
diary entries.
• Wikipedia.
 19

Why do you
think these
sources are not
acceptable?
Thesis
Statement 20

• Main point or
central
argument of
your paper.
• Expresses
your stand
on the issue.
Thesis
Statement 21

Despite the growing number of

broken families in the country,
divorce should not be legalized in
the Philippines.

Because of the economic and

environmental benefits it brings,
eco-tourism should be promoted in
my community.
OUTLINE: 22

• Your thesis statement

• Your argument and specific
support for this argument
• The opposing argument and
specific support for this
argument
• A list of sources for all the
support that will be used in
the paper.
 23

ORAL
PRESENTATION
Consider the following in order 24

to render an effective speech:

• Content of
• Audience report/spee
ch/lecture
• Logistics
• Venue
• Facilities
How do you prepare for the big
event? Here are some tips for 25

you:
1. Read a lot, research on
the topic assigned to you.
• As a speaker, you should be
kept abreast of these new
developments by reading a
lot.
How do you prepare for the big 26

event? Here are some tips for

you:
2. Present your oral presentation
with an introduction, body, and
conclusion.
• Using a startling or shocking
statement
• Beginning with a question
• Using a quotation
• Narrating an anecdote or a story
• Singing a line from a song.
How do you prepare for the big 27

event? Here are some tips for

you:
3. Rehearse by practicing aloud
and getting the feedback of
those who will act as your
audience during rehearsal
stage.

4. Use technology.
 28

PARALINGUISTIC CUES
• Facial expression,
posture, gesture, and
movement.
 29

PARALINGUISTIC CUES
Facial expression,
• “The eyes are the
window to the soul”
 30

PARALINGUISTIC CUES
Posture
• Refers to the
speaker’s stance.
 31

PARALINGUISTIC CUES
Gesture
• Are used to make a
point more emphatic.
 32

PARALINGUISTIC CUES
Movements
• A speaker should know how
to move on stage so that
his/her own movement will
not distract the audience.
 33

PORSODIC FEATURES
• When you speak, aim at
delivering your message
clearly through intelligible
and comprehensible
pronunciation.
PORSODIC FEATURES 34

Consider the examples:

• To each his own
(To eachizown)
• The pros and cons
(The prosend cons)
• The splendor in the grass
(Thus plendor in the grass)
• For a while
(Fora while)
 35

PORSODIC FEATURES
Successful communication
depends on prosodic features:
• Intonation
• Tone
• Stress
• Rhythm
PRESENTING IN GROUPS: 36

As you prepare your presentation,

note the following tips:
• Assign a specific task to each group
member.
• Divide the work accordingly. Each
group should know the part assigned
to him/her as well as the time allotted
for each.
• Decide on a strategy as to show how
PRESENTING IN GROUPS: 37

As you prepare your presentation,

note the following tips:
• Prepare your audio-visual aids to hold
the attention and increase the
interest of listeners.
• Practice on your own. Then come up
with a schedule acceptable to the
team in which you can rehearse as a
group.
PRESENTING IN GROUPS: 38

As you prepare your presentation,

note the following tips:
• Get feedback from your teammates
as to how you can still improve your
presentation in particular and the
presentation of the group in general.
• As individual and group presenters,
think of possible questions that may
arise after the presentation. If you
cannot think of an answer, seek the
PRESENTING IN GROUPS: 39

As you prepare your presentation,

note the following tips:
• As individual or group presenters,
respond to questions effectively
during question time. If it happens
that nobody from the group knows
the answer, be honest to admit that
you will find time to research on the
matter.
OVERCOMING ANXIETY 40

AND STAGE FRIGHT

“We do not actually fear the
process of speaking as such but
a negative response from the
listeners.” (Eugene
White and Claire
Henderlinder, 1956)
 41

The
Debate
Debate
42

• Involves the exchange of

opposing ideas and
arguments.
• Usually takes place in a public
meeting.
• Exchange of arguments
follows a certain procedure or
a set of rules and has a
Two types of Debates
43

1. Formal
• Held in formal settings such
as school, in House of
Representatives, and in the
senate.
• Debaters come prepared.
Two types of Debates
44

2. Informal
• Do not follow strictly a
structure.
• While there are two sides-
the affirmative and the
negative- it takes place
anywhere and does not have
to involve two teams.
Skills needed in 45

debate
• Reading
• Speaking
• Writing
• Listening
Ethical 46

Considerations
It is defined that ethics is “a set
of constructs that guide our own
decision making by providing
standards of behavior telling us
how we ought to act.”
(Freely and Steinberg, 2014)
Different ways of 47

conceptualizing ethics
1. Ethics may be thought of as a
complex foundation of morally
based rules, as might be adhered
to within a culture of a group.
2. Ethics may provide specific
guidelines for individuals or
groups engaged in similar
activities or with occupational
concerns.
Different ways of 48

conceptualizing ethics
3. Ethics may characterize the way
people think of themselves for
right behavior based in
personality or experience which
guide them to virtuous or
appropriate behavior.
4. Ethics may construct a general or
universal set of values.
Different ways of 49

conceptualizing ethics
3. Ethics may characterize the way
people think of themselves for
right behavior based in
personality or experience which
guide them to virtuous or
appropriate behavior.
4. Ethics may construct a general or
universal set of values.
 50

Dress and appearance

1. For Females,
• Business Attire that will make
you look respectable
• Do not wear colors that are
ostentatiously attractive
• Wear 1 ½ to 2 inches heels.
• Make-up and jewerly should be
worn conservatively.
 51

Dress and appearance

1. For Males,
• Business Attire, avoiding loud
colors
• Coat and Tie, do not wear a tie
that comes in flashy or glaring
colors.
• Match inner with outer clothes.
• Do not wear large ornaments
• Nails should be cut, hair well-
LITERATURE AS
52

COMMUNICATIO
N
 53

Literature
“You discover that your
longings are universal
longings, that you’re not
lonely and isolated from
anyone. You belong.”
(F. Scott Fitzgerald)
Essential elements
54

of a story
• Setting
• Plot
• Characters
• Images and Symbols
• Theme
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!

 56

REFERENCES:
• https://
education.seattlepi.com/write-explanation-essa
y-1739.html
• https://www.time4writing.com/teaching-writing/
writing-conventions
/
• https://
www.essaytigers.com/how-write-explanatory-es
say
• http://
www.katiekazoo.com/pdf/KK_FiveEssentialElem
ents.pdf