FLOOD

PRESENTATION MADE BY-

KUNAL GUPTA - 0171BBA268
MANMEET SACHDEVA - 0171BBA272
AAKASH -0171BBA381
WHAT IS A DISASTER ?
 A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that
seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or
society and causes human, material, and economic
or environmental losses that exceed the
community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own
resources. Though often caused by nature, disasters
can have human origins.
TYPES OF DISASTRES
 Natural Disaster - A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting
from natural processes of the Earth; examples are floods, hurricanes,
tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, storms, and
other geologic processes.

 Man - Made Disasters - Anthropogenic hazards are hazards caused

by human action or inaction. They are contrasted with natural
hazards. Anthropogenic hazards may adversely affect humans, other
organisms, biomes and ecosystems.
HYDROLOGICAL DISASTER
 Sudden and violent changes in the quality, distribution,
or movement patterns of water on Earth can result in
great destruction. Such natural disasters are
called hydrological disasters. There are three types
of hydrological disasters, namely floods and tsunamis.
INTRODUCTION

Flood is generally defined as flooding or

excess of water on dry land. Flooding is a
condition that occurs when water normally
overflows the artificial or natural boundaries of
a stream, river, or other body of water over
land. Floods often occur due to heavy rain or
snowfall.
CAUSES OF FLOOD
► Massive Rainfall
Drainage systems and the effective
infrastructure design aid during heavy rains.
They help the drainage of excess water into
reservoirs in an easy way. But in cases of heavy
rainfall, the systems stop working.
► Overflowing of the Rivers
The people living along the river always have a
risk of life from the overflowing of the Rivers. To
prevent such a situation, a string of dams are
built. However, if these dams are not managed
properly, they may cause flooding and huge
damage.
Cont.
► Climate change
The climatic changes caused due to human
practices also add to the risk of flooding. Human
beings cut trees in a large number, thus affecting the
process of photosynthesis. Thus increased level of
carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere cause changes in
climate posing threats of natural disasters like floods
etc.
► Deforestation
The cutting of trees in a reckless manner i.e.
deforestation is also a major cause of man-made
flooding. Trees prevent soil erosion and also the loss of
crops. The vegetation is also enriched as a result of
more and more trees. This also blocks the massive
flow of rain, thus preventing flooding.
TYPES OF FLOOD
⮚RIVER FLOOD
⮚FLASH FLOOD
⮚COASTAL FLOOD
⮚URBAN FLOOD
RIVER FLOOD
River flooding is one of the most
common types of inland flooding; when
a body of water exceeds its capacity.
when a river 'bursts its banks' - usually
due to prolonged high rainfall and
sometimes from melting snow- localized
flooding can significantly damage
surrounding properties, as well as pose a
significant safety hazard.
FLASH FLOOD
Flash flooding occurs when the ground does
not absorb water as quickly as it falls. This
type of flooding usually ends quickly, but as
long as it moves quickly and can be
dangerous. Flash floods are more common in
areas with a dry climate and rocky terrain
because lack of soil or vegetation allows
torrential rains to flow overland rather than
infiltrated into the ground and it is caused by
heavy and sudden rainfall
COASTAL FLOOD
As the name suggests, it occurs in areas
that lie on the coast of a sea, ocean, or
another large body of open water, this is
usually the result of extreme tidal conditions
caused by severe weather. Such floods are
usually associated with hurricanes, tsunamis
or tropical storms. The storm wind pushes
the water up, create high waves and flood
slow down when it spread to large area
URBAN FLOOD
Urban flooding is specific in the fact that the
cause is a lack of drainage in an urban area.
As there is little open soil that can be used
for water storage nearly all the precipitation
needs to be transport to surface water or the
sewage system. High intensity rainfall can
cause flooding when the city sewage system
and draining canals do not have the
necessary capacity to drain away the
amounts of rain that are falling
 IMPACT OF FLOOD
⮚ Loss of lives and property
Immediate impacts of flooding include loss of
human life, damage to property, destruction of
crops, loss of livestock, non-functioning of
infrastructure facilities and deterioration of health
condition owing to waterborne diseases.
⮚ Psychosocial effects
The huge psycho-social effects on flood victims
and their families can traumatize them for long
periods of time. The loss of loved ones can
generate deep impacts, especially on children.
Cont.
⮚ Hindering economic growth and development
The high cost of relief and recovery may adversely
impact investment in infrastructure and other
development activities in the area and in certain cases
may cripple the frail economy of the region. Recurrent
flooding in a region may discourage long-term
investments by the government and private sector alike.
⮚ Political implications
Ineffective response to relief operations during major
flood events may lead to public discontent or loss of
trust in the authorities or the state and national
governments. Lack of development in flood-prone
areas may cause social inequity and even social unrest
posing threat to peace and stability in the region.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION RELATED TO
FLOOD
• As per the Geological Survey
of India (GSI), the major flood prone
areas of India cover almost
12.5% area of the country.
• Central Water Commission (CWC) issues
flood forecasts at 226 stations in the
country (UP has highest 87)
• About 6 thousand forecasts are issued
during monsoon season
• Accuracy of forecasts is about 96%
MITIGATION PROCESS
⮚Map out flood prone area
⮚Construct barriers
⮚modify buildings
⮚Introduce flood warning system
⮚Reforestation
CONT.

⮚Construct channels
⮚Good evacuation plan
⮚Prevent development in flood prone area
⮚Shift people from flood prone area
⮚Construct building above flood level
CASE STUDY
2004 Bihar Flood

⮚ Being considered as a flood prone area, Bihar is again

in the list because of 2004 flood which it suffered. It
was stated that a total of 883 people lost their lives
and more than 3000 animals were killed. One of the
most horrifying disaster caused almost a loss of Rs.

⮚ 1,03,049.60 Lakh. Rivers, primarily, Gandak, Kosi,

Mahananda, Bagmati, Budhi had already crossed the
red mark while on the other hand Ganga first time in
its history crossed the red mark in Farrakka Barrage.
Cont.
2010 Ladakh Flood.

⮚ It was 6th August 2010, when the series of natural

disasters started to take place in Ladakh, a regional
part of J&K ( Jammu and Kashmir). It was
accompanied with cloudburst, debris flows and Flash
floods from Himalayan. Causality was less than 300
but
⮚ a great loss of property was reported. Areas of Leh
were also affected and it caused a loss of total Rs.
133 crores INR.
STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT
National Flood Management Program
⮚ Launched in 1954, different methods of flood
protection structural as well as non-structural
have been adopted in different states
depending upon the nature of the problem
and local conditions.
⮚ Structural measures include storage reservoirs,
flood embankments, drainage channels, anti-
erosion works, channel improvement works,
detention basins etc. and non-structural
measures include flood forecasting, flood
plain zoning, flood proofing, disaster
preparedness etc.
Cont.
Regional task forces 1996
⮚ It was set up to review the impact of the
recommendations of the RBA and to
suggest short term and long term
measures
⮚ Their measures included among other
administrative measures, construction of
large flood moderation projects,
particularly in the North- East and following
up the enactment of Flood Plain Zoning
Act so as to tackle encroachment by
people in the flood plains