EDUCATIONAL

TECHNOLOGY:
CLARIFICATION
OF CONCEPTS
Hello!
I am Sharon Arif

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 1.
Interpretation
of
Educational
Technology
 “According to
Oxford English Dictionary “Technology” on the other hand,
(2000), the term Education is simply defined by the Oxford
means “a process of teaching, English Dictionary as “a body of
training and learning, knowledge which when used /
especially in schools or applied helps in solving
colleges to improve knowledge problems”.”
and develop skills”.”
“One can then infer, from the literal point
of view, that educational technology means
“application of a body of knowledge
(technology) to solving educational
problems.
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 2.
Technology in
Education
 ✘ This aspect is described as
✘ By the term the “hardware” approach to
“technology in educational technology.
education” is
meant
application of
machines,
gadgets or
✘equipment
It involvestothe use of pieces of instructional
improve thematerials (media) such as
quality
audio of visual media, projected media,
media, 6
Audio Aids 7
Visual Aids
Projected Aids 8
Broadcast Aids
 3.
Technology of
Education
 Technology of
Education
✘ Refers to application of theories and laws/rules in
education and related disciplines for the purpose of
improving the quality of education.
✘ Technology of education is a component of educational
technology that is involved in the use of systems
approach to promote high quality education.
✘ Concerned with the use of systematic and scientific
procedures in educational practice
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 4.
Dimensions of
Educational
Technology
 Educational Technology I (ET I):
focuses more on physical media
that are designed and
Dimensions of

developed to improve the

Educational
Technology
Educational Technology II (ET
quality of teaching-learning
II): refers to all strategies,
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techniques and means through
which instructions are
designed, planned,
Educational Technology
implemented III: .
and evaluated
attributed to philosophical
and holistic orientation based
on the concept of problem
 5.
INSTRUCTIO
N
Technology
Teachin Instruc
g tion
Instruction is a subset of
Art of passing knowledge by
teaching. The efforts of
way of deliberate arrangement
somebody who is superior in
of the task to be learnt
knowledge, skills and attitude).

To plan, design, implement and

Teaching is expected to evaluate the teaching- learning
produce learning. process for the benefit of the
recipients (learners)
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Learni Indoctri
ng nation
Relatively permanent change
An act of deliberate killing of
in human behavior arising
learners’ reasoning ability
from experience

The change should be an

outcome of the learner’s
interaction with the
environment.
Learning environment must
be sufficiently made
conducive
Indoctrination does not allow
the learners to be creative
and original.
Not a favoured practice by
educators.
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 Instructional Technology

 Instructional technology is a subset of educational

technology. Instructional technology can be applied at the micro
level to solve educational problems.
 It is based on specific instructional objectives, using available
human and non-human elements to improve the quality of
instruction.
 Instructional problems such as management of teaching-learning
situation at the classroom level,16deciding on choice of
 ✘ Roles of Instructional Technology Media
in Teaching and Learning
Increase the rate of learning and at the same time
allows the teacher to use more time on other
gainful activities

Reinforce verbal and visual messages.

Emphasis is placed on realistic learning rather

than rote learning

Instructional media have a way of motivating and

arresting pupils’ attention.

Abstract concepts are best illustrated through the

use of instructional media.
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 HISTORY OF
EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY:
GLOBAL
PERSPECTIVE
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 7.
Distance
Education
 The Meaning of Distance
Education (DE)
✘ Distance education is used as a general term
to describe whatever form of education that
is received without the direct presence of the
teacher, but usually with the aid of one or a
combination of instructional media
✘ Has generated a wide range of some
terminologies such as : open learning,
flexible learning, e-learning among others.

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 Distance Learning
✘ Distance Education and Distance
Learning are used synonymously.
✘ Distinction?
✘ Studying undertaken through the use of any
of the indirect media of imparting knowledge
(Ojo, 1986).
✘ Unlike the direct medium of face-to-face
teaching this includes printed matters,
narrowcast, broadcast materials,
programmed materials and self-instructional
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materials.
 Open Learning
✘ Is a learning method for the knowledge
acquisition based on open educational resources,
l u
open source technologies and online communities. o
S on
✘ Education must be made available to all
ti
irrespective of such factors as gender, economic
status, age, etc
✘ Equal opportunities for receiving high quality
educational contents without any forms of
barriers
✘ Addresses factors associated with learning from a
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distance.
 Flexible Learning
✘ This term refers to the nature of
distance and open education with
special reference to its adaptability
characteristic.
✘ Flexibility principles are deliberately
built into the system.
✘ These are noticed in such aspects like:
adoption of multimedia approach to
instructional delivery, extension of
period of completion of programmes
to almost double what operates in
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conventional system, ease of choice of
 e-Learning
✘ eLearning is learning utilizing
electronic technologies to access
educational curriculum outside of a
traditional classroom.  In most cases,
it refers to a course, program or
degree delivered completely online.
✘ One is called synchronous and the
other is called asynchronous

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 Common Media in Distance
Learning
✘ Broadcast Radio
✘ Audio Teleconference
✘ Television
✘ Video Tapes
✘ Computer-assisted
Learning in Distance
Education

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