•

TILLAGE
 TILLAGE
• Mechanical manipulation of the soil from a known condition
to a different desired condition.
Physical manipulation of soil for better germination growth
development of plant or crop.
The desired condition brought about by tillage are normally
physical, but chemical and biological process in the soil are
also affected.
Tillage Operation
1. PRIMARY TILLAGE
2. SECONDARY TILLAGE
PRIMARY TILLAGE

This operation does the following:

 Cuttingor breaking of the soil as it state where either crop
has been grown and harvested or simply a barren soil.
 It includes hoeing, spading, plowing and soiling.
SECONDARY TILLAGE
 Operation on the soil after primary tillage.
 Itincludes breaking of the soil clods or
granulation ( as in dry land preparation) or
padding ( as in wet land preparation),
through mixing of plant materials into the
soil, and leveling the field.
 Among the equipment used are harrows.
METHODS OF LAND PREPARATION

1. Dry land or Upland Preparation

2. Wetland or Lowland Preparation
Dry land or Upland Preparation
Tillage is performed at relativity low moisture content, well below
the saturation moisture content.
Specific Objectives of Tilling flooded Soils (Wetland
Preparation)
 1. to control weeds
 2. to mix organic materials with the soil
 3. to incorporate fertilizer and soil amendments to the
soil
 4. to turn soil into soft puddle for ease in transplanting
 5. to form a hard layer9plow soil) which reduces water
and leaching losses during the subsequent flooding stage.
Wetland or Lowland Preparation
The soil is tilled when it is saturated with water
 Specific Objectives of Tilling Upland Soil (Dry Land
Preparation)
 1. to control weeds
 2. to mix organic materials with the soil
 3. to incorporate fertilizer and soil amendments to the
soil
 4. to develop proper soil tilt (desirable soil structure)
 5. to improve soil erosion.
Amount of Intensity of Tillage

Maximum or Conventional Tillage

Minimum Tillage
Zero Tillage
Maximum or Conventional Tillage

 Refers to the traditional system which begins with a primary tillage operation followed
by several secondary tillage operations.

Minimun Tillage
 Refers to methods resulting in reduced tillage intensity or several operation into one
pass operation like the so called plow plant method, which combines land preparation
and planting in one pass or, it may involve simply opening up the furrows where seed
can be sown.

ZERO TILLAGE
 The soil is not disturbed before planting.
Advantage of Zero Tillage

Zero tillage is the best for

areas where labor is expensive.
EVALUATION
Directions: Enumerate advantages and disadvantages of
Maximum Tillage and Zero Tillage operations.
Listdown atleast 3 each number.
Advantages of Disadvantages of Advantages of Disadvantages of
Maximum Tillage Maximum Tillage Zero Tillage Zero Tillage
Operation Operation
1.

2.

3.
Assignment:
Directions: Answer the following questions.
Write your answers on your notebook.

 What are the characteristics of well-

prepared lowland field?
 What are the characteristics of well
prepared upland field.?