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PLANNING
Prepared by :
• SHEETAL MORE
• RUTUJA CHAVAN
• JANHAVI KHATAVKAR
• RUPALI KARLE
• ASHWINI YEWALE
• MANJU SHARMA
• REEMA MHATRE
Planning
Meaning of planning
Planning is a sense of direction to business
activities. Planning bridges gap between
where we are and where we want go.
Definition of planning
• By knootz and O’Donnell, “Planning is
deciding in advance what to do, how to do,
and who is to do it,”
• By James stonner, “planning is the process
of establishing goals and a suitable course of
action for achieving those goals.”
Features of Planning
• Primary function of management
• It is an intellectual process
• Focuses on determining the objectives
• Involves choice and decision making
• It is a continuous process
• It is a pervasive function
Nature of planning
• Planning is goal oriented
• Planning is future oriented
• Continuous activity
• Link between past present and future
• Intellectual process Desired
• Integrated process Status
• Basic function Nature of planning
• Pervasiveness of planning
s
t Gap
a Planning
t Required
u
s
Current Status
T1 Time T2
04-Planning-RegionX-RSLS.ppt 7
Importance and Purpose
• Setting organizational goals
• Minimizes risk and uncertainty
• Facilitates controlling
• Input for decision making
• Leads to success
• Effective control
• Effective utilization of resources
• Avoiding business failures
• Convert uncertainty into certainty
• Help in co-operation
ADVANTAGES OF PLANNING
• Minimizes risks
• Facilitates co-ordination
• Facilitates organizing
• Facilitates proper direction
• Facilitates control
• Generate efficiency
• Encourages innovations
• Focus on goals
• Facilitates decision making
• Motivates personnel
Limitations of Planning
• Waste of Time, Money and Effort..
• Lack of accuracy
• Limited flexibility
• May face people’s resistance
• Lack Of Co-ordination..
• High Risk and Uncertainty..
• Confusion..
• Conflict of Authority and Disorganization..
Key “Planning” Elements
Procedures
Rules
Programmes
Budgets
Schedules
Projects
Forms of Planning
• On the basis of content
– Strategic plans
– Operational plans / Tactical plans
• Strategic Planning
– It is the process of deciding on Long-term
objectives of the organization.
– It encompasses all the functional areas of business
• Tactical Planning
– It involves conversion of detailed and specific plans
into detailed and specific action plans.
– It is the blue print for current action and it supports
the strategic plans.
Planning on the basis of Time Period
21
Steps in Planning
1. Define organizational objectives
• Coordination
• Information
• Participation
• Proper climate
MBO – Management By Objectives
2. Establish specific
goals 4. Maintain self-control
The
Process
1. Develop overall
of MBO
organizational goals 5. Review the progress
6. Appraisal of performance
COMPONENTS OF PLANNING
• Reduces uncertainty
• Brings co-operation and co-
ordination
• Economy in operation
• Anticipates unpredictable
contingencies
• Achieving the pre determined
goals
• Reduce competition
PLANNING PROVIDES DIRECTION
34
Thank you
References
• Internet
• Book