COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

BETHA SABPALA RAHARJO

EKA PUTRI NURUL SEPTIANA
IMAM NAWAWI
RINDI
 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

According to The History of Computing Project, the prototype of the first

microcomputer was introduced by the aptly named Micro Computer Inc., Los
Angeles , in 1968. ARPANET, a defense contractors' information exchange and the
precursor of the Internet , was born a year later. Commercial microcomputers
(Apple, Commodore, Tandy, Sinclair, and Texas Instruments) appeared in 1977.
Apple Computer introduced the first graphical interface with the Macintosh;
Microsoft followed with the first version of Windows in 1985. The Internet
evolved from ARPANET over a period of 18 years and, by 1987, it was a world-
wide network. By 1990 it was beginning to appear in small businesses, usually in
text mode. The first well-known microcomputer software applications were the
VisiCalc spreadsheet and the word processors Applewriter and WordStar, all
dating to the 1978–1979 period.
CATEGORIES OF APPLICATIONS
• Operating Systems
• Office Applications
• Professional Software
• Business Communications and
Outreach
 OPERATING SYSTEMS

All computers run under the control of operating system software (OS) designed
for the hard-ware platform. The OS provides the basic environment in which
everything takes place. Windows is the most widely-used OS on small computers
followed by the Apple's Mac OS; only a small minority of small computers run on
Unix, developed in 1969 at Bell Laboratories, or its derivates, e.g., LINUX.
 OFFICE APPLICATIONS

Word processing for written communications, spreadsheets for analysis,

databases for inventory control, bookkeeping software for accounting, and
software for tax preparation have become reasonably priced for even small
businesses that have only one computer. Payroll software has now emerged
for smaller operations too, sometimes free-standing and sometimes as
extensions of popular bookkeeping packages. In the mid-2000s, most small
businesses were computerized and, in addition, enjoyed data management at
levels of sophistication unimaginable in the mid-1990s.
 PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE

Computer-assisted software development, design, and manufacturing

systems (CAS, CAD, and CAM) are perhaps the best-known examples of
professional software. Such systems, however, are also available for just
about any professional activity that is based on symbol manipulation, data
storage, and data processing.
 BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS
AND OUTREACH

The introduction of computer faxes and especially e-mail systems has

revolutionized the way that businesses communicate with one another and
employees interact within the company. Long-distance telephone costs and
postage costs are saved in the process, and faster communications also
speed up decision-making. Of greatest importance, perhaps, for the small
business is its ability to communicate with potential customers through its
own Web-site. Web-based marketing is very widespread.
FACTORS TO WEIGH WHEN CONSIDERING
NEW COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Many small business owners have embraced computers as
tools in doing business—and have done so early enough so that at
present, in many places, hardware and applications both are
becoming old.
Another factor for small business owners to keep in mind
is that a variety of computer applications are available online over
the Internet. A number of companies have established small
business portals on the Internet to give companies access to
software and services—such as payroll processing, legal services,
online banking, or assistance in building a Web site for E-commerce.
In addition, application service providers (ASPs) offer companies the
opportunity to test and use software over the Internet without
having to purchase it. These options may eventually reduce the cost
and improve the accessibility of computer applications for small
businesses.
 Different ways in the use of a
computer.
• Banks and financial • Medical
• Business • Transportation
• Communication • Multimedia
• Defense and military • Internet
• Education
• Banks and financial
Computers play a significant role in handling all of the world's money. Below are examples of how
computers are used in the financial market and places dealing with money.
1. ATM
2. Digital currency
• Business
Business is another big sector for computers and most money earned and spent is done using a computer.
Below are some of the examples of how computers are used in business.
1. Register
2. Workers computer
• Communication
Today's communication around the world is almost all digital and handled by computers. Below are
examples of how computers are used in the communication industry.
1. Smartphone
2. E-mail
• Defense and military
Many technologies (e.g., GPS and the Internet) were initially created or started with a defense-related
purpose. Today, computers are still an important aspect of the defense industry.
1. GPS
2. Computer-aided flight

• Education
As computers evolve, so does how computers are used in the education field. Below is a list of how a
computer can be used in education.
1. Internet
2. Learning
• Internet
Without computers, the internet would not exist. Below are a few examples of computers are used to
help run the Internet.
1. DNS
2. Web server
• Medical
The medical field is another place where computers are vital and used every day. Below are some examples of how
computers help those in the medical field.
1. Medical records
2. Diagnosis
• Transportation
Computers also play an important part in transportation. Below are a few examples of how computers help the
transportation field.
1. Traffic lights
2. GPS
• Multimedia
Computers also play a significant role in video and audio. Below are examples of how computers are used in the
film and audio industry.
1. Editing
2. TV, DVD, media players
 Future developments managerial
and professional people will need to
be aware of.

• Tech Management • Out-Centric Leadership

Skills Principles
• Soft Skill Assessment • Emotional Intelligence
• Diverse Team (EQ)
Management • Managing the Future
• Transparency
 THE IMPORTANT TO THE
ENGINEERS.
Besides the solution in many cases leads to manufacturing and therefore in
many cases create employment. Interestingly though what the term "An
Engineer" actually means some say anybody concerned in Engineering and
not by technical qualification. About qualification, the term "Professional
Engineer" is recognized with the membership of a relevant Institution been
attained. There are many "grades/levels" of Professional Engineer from
"Incorporated" (a degree not a membership requirement HNC yes plus other
experience) to Chartered Engineers (Degree a requirement amongst other
attributes/experience). All Engineers are important to society regardless of
stature/grade and they need each other to achieve success.
 WHEN MACHINE DO NOT
WORK PROPERLY
In computability theory, the halting problem can be stated as follows: "Given
a description of an arbitrary computer program, decide whether the
program finishes running or continues to run forever". This is equivalent to
the problem of deciding, given a program and an input, whether the
program will eventually halt when run with that input, or will run forever.
Alan Turing proved in 1936 that a general algorithm to solve the halting
problem for all possible program-input pairs cannot exist
 THE PROBLEMS A PUBLISHER FACE
WHEN HE DECIDE TO INVEST IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SOFTWARE

• Unknown user desires.

That is, the user is asked for programmers to create software without providing clear
specifications. Thus, the programmer does not know what is really desired by the user.
• Programmer knowledge
Since the user does not provide a clear specification / details, the programmer assumes
that the user desires in accordance with the interpretation is based on the specifications
given.
•  Modification of the user object
Sometimes the problem is the user has an idea on the way, so it intends to modify the
request. Thus, the programmer must work longer to meet user demand.
• Human Resources (HR) related to documentation
HR is at issue here is not seen from the quantity, rather than performance. HR are
working on a software aka the programmer usually not documented job well
 TYPE OF OCCUPATION BENEFIT
FROM THE USE OF COMPUTER

• Health Sector
Facilitate Doctors and Nurses preformance monitor the health of the patient, through
the patient's heart rate monitor computer monitors , blood flow , examine the organs
in patients with X-ray treatment for example when the late former President Suharto in
Jakarta Pertamina Hospital , in 2008
• Freight Sector
            Post Office can send freight documents more quickly and accurately . With the
advent of computers and the internet is no longer waiting days - today received a
letter , please email faster in so quickly
• Automotive Industry Sector
Cars - car body frame is made of , machinery , electronic equipment at the factory with the
help of computer-controlled robots more accurately . With the help of computers ,
factory - automotive factory can produce cars in the hundreds per month , which may
not be done manually by human power .
• Construction Services
With the computer engineers and architects to design a new construction with the modeling and
calculation of accurate, rapid and precise .
• Printing Services
Printing newspapers , magazines , books - books , all done with machines operated by computers
so that in a short time be able to print a book or magazine or newspaper in the hundreds or even
millions of exemplar
• Film Industry Sector
All effects - in effect acting , animation and movie scenes penyotingan all recorded with an
electronic device that is connected to the computer . Animation also developed using animation
created with computer applications
• Recording Industry Sector
That to produce a good sound setup necessary modifications voice recorder and computer media
, and print song - lagunyapun aided by a computer system . To print the album into a VCD or DVD
need help computer program for burning processing or burning a CD so that it can record sound
with very high quality
 JOBS IN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
AND ORDER FULFILLMENT

The use of computers and handheld computing devices help online and brick-
and-mortar retailers track inventory through warehouses, staging areas, on the sales
floor and out the door via bar codes.
Job Examples:
•Cashier
•Inventory Manager
•Stock Clerk
•Warehouse Associate
 ACCOUNTING AND
BOOKKEEPING CAREERS
Within the accounting industry, computer software has replaced the role of myriad
accountants and auditors who would manage and analyze the ledgers of various internal accounts
that would then be transferred to a general ledger.
Job Examples:
•Accountant
•Auditor
•Bank Teller
•Bookkeeper
•Chief Financial Officer
•Comptroller
•Credit Analyst
•Financial Analyst
 PUBLICATION, DESIGN
AND DRAFTING JOBS
Increasingly, a career in the arts requires computers. Writers craft stories
using word processing software, and the story is turned into physical or digital books
by designers.
Job Examples:
•Architect
•Author
•Cinematographer
•Editor
•Interior Designer
•Graphic Designer
 INTERNET AND TECHNOLOGY-
BASED ROLES
Social media, online marketplaces and web content created an entirely
new range of jobs focused on reaching consumers.
Job Examples:
•Computer Engineer
•Social Media Analyst
•Social Media Manager
•Software Developer
 CONCLUSION

Computer Applications in the field of learning allow the ongoing

learning process individually (individual learning). Computer users or users can
interact directly with information sources. The development of computer
network technology (computer network/internet) now has enabled the user to
interact in obtaining the desired knowledge and information. Various forms of
learning interactions can take place with the availability of a computer medium.
Because of technological advances and the times, the use of computers has also
expanded to all aspects of life. Not limited to electronics, computers are now
very needed in other fields.