Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
1 - Outline
• DOCSIS Overview
– Introduction
– Architecture
– Components
• Communication Protocols
– Protocol Stack
– MAC Forwarder
– Network Layer and Above
– Data Link Layer
– Physical Layer
Outline (cont’d)
• Cable Modem
– Components
– Front & Rear Views
– Features & Specifications
• CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)
– Components
– Features & Specifications
• DOCSIS HFC Environment
Outline (cont’d)
• Physical Layer
– Upstream
• Modulation & Rates
• Forward Error Correction (FEC)
• Scambler (Randomizer)
• Burst Profiles & Timing
• Power & Fidelity
• Frame Structure
– Downstream (ITU-T Recommendations J.83, Annex B)
• Modulation & Rates
• Scalable Interleaving
• Power & Fidelity
Outline (cont’d)
• Cable Modem Initialization and Operation
– Overview & Detailed Description
• Scanning and Synchronization to Downstream
• Obtain Upstream Parameters
• Ranging and Automatic Adjustments
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Service
• TOD (Time and Date) Service
• TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) Service
• Registration
• Ranging Maintenance
– Software Upgrade
• Review Questions I
Outline (cont’d)
• Cable Modem Initialization and Operation (cont’d)
– Data Transfer
• Downstream Transmission Convergence Sub-layer
• Media Access Control (MAC) Sub-layer
– Overview
– Frame Formats & Headers
– Error-Handling
– Upstream - Allocation MAP’s
– Upstream - Contention Resolution
• Service Classes
• Rate Control Mechanism
• Filtering Mechanism
• Multicast Operation
Outline (cont’d)
• Baseline Privacy
– Overview
– Operational Overview
– Privacy Key Management
• Cable Modem Configuration Information
– Configuration File
• Format, Creation and Parameters
• Configuration File Editor
– Headend Equipment
• CMTS, Provisioning
– Examples
Outline (cont’d)
• Review Questions II
• Installation
– Subscriber installation procedure
– Monitoring LED’s during installation
– Installation & Testing Wizard
• Cable Modem Trouble Shooting
– Normal Toshiba Cable Modem Operation
– Installation & Testing Wizard
– Advanced Diagnostics
• Toshiba MSO Support Web Page
• Use of SNMP
Outline (cont’d)
• Toshiba Serial Diagnostic Port
• DOCSIS Parameters and Constants
• DOCSIS Error Codes and Messages
• Review Questions III
• DOCSIS v1.1 and Packet Cable
• Hands-on
– Configuration
• CMTS, provisioning and cable modem
– Physical Layer
• RF signals, noise and interference
– Networking Management & Performance
2 - DOCSIS Overview
• Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification
(DOCSIS)
– Defines interface requirements for cable modems involved in
high-speed data distribution over a cable television network
– On November 17, 1997, CableLabs® and its members established a
formal path of certification for cable modem equipment suppliers
– By March of 1999 the first products were certified and cable
modems are now becoming available on the retail market
Facility Controller
Remote
WAN
Server
Facility
DOCSIS Documents
Designation Title
SP-BPI [MCNS8] Baseline Privacy Interface Specification
SP-CMCI [MCNS4] Cable Modem-to-Customer Premises Equipment Interface Specification
SP-CMTRI [MCNS6] Cable Modem Telephony Return Interface Specification
SP-CMTS-NSI [MCNS3] Cable Modem Termination System Network Side Interface Specification
SP-OSSI [MCNS5] Operations Support System Interface Specification
SP-OSSI-RF Operations Support System Interface Radio Frequency MIB
SP-OSSI-TR Operations Support Systems Interface Telephony Return MIB
SP-RFI [MCNS1] Radio Frequency Interface Specification
TR-OSSF Operations Support System Framework
Note: SP = Specification
TR Technical Report (provides a context for understanding and applying the specification.)
DOCSIS Components
Provisioning
Provisioning RF
Server
Server
Router
CIF HFC
Network 100BASE-T
CMTS
Internet
CM
3 - Communication Protocols
• The main function of the DOCSIS system is
transmitting IP packets transparently between the
Headend and the subscriber location.
– management functions also ride on IP, including
spectrum management functions and the downloading
of software
• The DOCSIS implements
– Physical and Data Link layer for packet forwaring
– Network, Transport and Application layer for
management functions
ARP
LLC/DIX
Link Security
Data Link Layer
Transmission Convergence
(Downstream Only)
Physical Layer
Physical Media Control
(PMD)
Data Forwarding
Through CM and CMTS
• Data forwarding through the CMTS may be:
– transparent bridging,
– or may employ network-layer forwarding (routing, IP
switching)
• Data forwarding through the CM is link-layer
transparent bridging
Data Forwarding
CMTS Stack CM Stack
IP IP
802.2/ 802.2/ Transparent
Forwarding
DIX LLC DIX LLC Bridging 802.2/
Data
Link Link DIX LLC
Link Security Security
Layer
Cable Cable 802.3/
MAC MAC DIX MAC
Downsteam Downsteam
PHY Trans Conv Trans Conv 802.3
Layer Cable Cable 10Base-T
PMD PMD
CM Forwarding Rules
• CM forwarding in both directions conforms to the
general 802.1d guidelines and the following
specific rules:
– Cable to Ethernet
• Frames addressed to unknown destinations not be forwarded
from the cable port to the Ethernet port.
• Broadcast frames will be forwarded to the Ethernet port.
• Multicast frames will be forwarded to the Ethernet ports in
accordance with filtering configuration settings.
HFC
LBT
LBT4030 MDP
Tuner
Tuner 4030 MDP1.01.0 StrongARM
StrongARM
w/DES
w/DES
• •A/D Converter
A/D Converter • •Sync
Sync
• •64/256 QAM
64/256 QAM • •CRC
Demodulator
Demodulator CRC
• FEC
• FEC
• •Packet
Packet Flash
Flash
• QPSK/16QAM
• QPSK/16QAM
Burst Modulator
Burst Modulator
•D/A
•D/AConverter
Converter
SRAM SRAM
SRAM
SRAM
CPE
Ethernet
Ethernet
Controller
Controller
Components (cont’d)
• RF Tuner
– Tune in the downstream channel (6 MHz) and amplify the signal
– Designed by Toshiba specially for DOCSIS cable modem
resulting in high RF performance
• Libit PHY chip (LBT 4030)
– Integrated Downstream/Upstream (LBT4030)
– Based on advanced Signal Processing Technology
– Provide several statistics such as SNR, Error Correction and
Power Level
Components (cont’d)
• MAC chip
– Implements medium access protocol and handles MPEG frames
– Supports DMA for high data transfer performance
– Built-in 3-DES (encryption/decryption engine) and IP and
Ethernet/LLC filtering
• StrongARM CPU (200 MHz)
– High performance packet processing (up to 9.9 Mbps downstream
throughput using 10BaseT)
Components (cont’d)
• Flash Memory
– Two independent banks of flash memory
– Downloads new code image in one bank, while operates normally
on the other bank
• Other Components
– SRAM Memory
– Ethernet Controller
Front View PO W ER
C a b le C AB LE
M odem
PC
D ATA
TEST
Diagnostic LEDs
• Power
• Cable
• PC
• Data
• Test
Rear View
Connectors
• 10 BaseT (RJ 45)
• Power (DC 12V)
• RF (F connector)
Switches
• Reset
Other Specifications
CMTS Components
Cable Interface
Switch/ Down- Up
Up
IP filter/ stream Conver
Conver--
Control Process. ter Down
Process. ter
Up- Up
Router stream
Up
Process.
(Gigabit Ethernet, .
POS,
ATM or
100BASE-T)
Cable Interface
Parameter Value
Inband Spurious and Noise (fc 3 MHz) < -48dBc; where channel spurious and noise includes all discrete
spurious, noise, carrier leakage, clock lines, synthesizer products, and
other undesired transmitter products. Noise within +/- 50kHz of the
carrier is excluded.
Adjacent channel (fc 3.0 MHz) to (fc 3.75 MHz) < -58 dBc in 750 kHz
Adjacent channel (fc 3.75 MHz) to (fc 9 MHz) < -62 dBc, in 5.25 MHz, excluding up to 3 spurs, each of which must
be <-60 dBc when measured in a 10 kHz band
Next adjacent channel (fc 9 MHz) to (fc 15 MHz) Less than the greater of -65 dBc or -12dBmV in 6MHz, excluding up to
three discrete spurs. The total power in the spurs must be < -60dBc
when each is measured with 10 kHz bandwidth.
Other channels (47 MHz to 1,000 MHz) < -12dBmV in each 6 MHz channel, excluding up to three discrete
spurs. The total power in the spurs must be < -60dBc when each is
measured with 10kHz bandwidth.
Phase Noise 1 kHz - 10 kHz: -33dBc double sided noise power
10 kHz - 50 kHz: -51dBc double sided noise power
50 kHz - 3 MHz: -51dBc double sided noise power
Output Impedance 75 ohms
Output Return Loss > 14 dB within an output channel up to 750 MHz; > 13 dB in an output
channel above 750 MHz
Connector F connector per [IPS-SP-406]
6 - Physical Layer
• Upstream
– It uses a FDMA/TDMA burst modulation format, which provides:
• five symbol rates and two modulation formats (QPSK and 16QAM).
• modulation format includes pulse shaping for spectral efficiency, it is
carrier-frequency agile, and it has selectable output power level.
– It also includes a variable-length modulated burst with precise
timing beginning at boundaries spaced at integer multiples of 6.25
sec apart (which is 16 symbols at the highest data rate).
• Each burst supports a flexible modulation, symbol rate, preamble,
randomization of the payload, and programmable Forward error
Correction (FEC) encoding.
– Transmission parameters associated with burst transmission outputs
are configurable by the CMTS via MAC messaging.
Q 1
01 11
I1
00 10
Scambler (Randomizer)
• The upstream modulator implements a scrambler where
the 15-bit seed value is arbitrarily programmable.
– At the beginning of each burst, the register is cleared and the seed
value is loaded.
– The seed value is used to calculate the scrambler bit, which is
combined in an XOR with the first bit of data of each burst (which
is the MSB of the first symbol following the last symbol of the
preamble).
Burst Profiles
• CM generates each burst at the appropriate time as
conveyed in the mini-slot grants provided by the CMTS
Maps
• The CM supports all burst profiles commanded by the
CMTS:
– via the Burst Descriptors in the Upstream Channel Descriptor
(UCD),
– and subsequently assigned for transmission in a Bandwidth
Allocation Map.
Burst Timing
A) Nominal Burst Profile (no timing errors): 8
symbol guard band is il ustrated; 10 symbol ramp
up and ramp down is il ustrated.
Data First Last FEC
Symbol Parity Symbol
Preamble Preamble
First Symbol Last Symbol
10
Symbols
B) Timing is referenced to the
symbol center of the first
symbol of each burst 8
Symbols
Preamble
First Symbol
Frame Structure
Example 1. Packet length = number of information bytes in codeword = k
One Codeword
Example 2. Packet le ngth = k = remainin g in formation bytes in 2nd codeword = k + k' k + k" 2k
Guard mini-slo t
Preamble Two Codewords
Time boundaary
Physical Layer
• Downstream
– The downstream PMD sublayer conforms to ITU-T
Recommendations J.83, Annex B for Low-Delay Video
Applications [ITU J.83-B]
– Modulation technique:
• 64QAM and 256QAM
– Physical speed:
• 30Mbps (64QAM) / 43Mbps (256QAM)
– Symbol rate:
• 5.056941 Msym/sec (64QAM) / 5.360537 Msym/sec (256QAM)
– Channel Width (-30dB bandwidth):
• 6 MHz
Transmitter Receiver
Initial Ranging
Provisioning
Server
CMTS CM
Power-on
Search DOCSIS QAM
Obtain temporary ID
Registration
Provisioning
Server
CMTS CM
Request network
configuration from
DHCP server
Request configuration
File from TFTP server
Negotiate final
registration and obtain
a Service ID (SID)
CMTS CM
[time to send the Initial Maintenance
opportunity]
Ranging
send map containing Initial -----------MAP-------------->
Maintenance information element
with a broadcast/multicast Service ID
<---------RNG-REQ------- transmit ranging packet in contention
mode with Service ID parameter = 0
CM DHCP
send DHCP request to
broadcast address
----------------DHCP discover------------>
check CM MAC address & respond
<--------------DHCP offer ------------------
choose server
----------------DHCP request------------->
process request
<--------------DHCP response-------------
set up IP parameters from
DHCP response
CM Time Server
send request to time
server
----------------time of day request------------>
process request
<--------------time of day response------------
set up / correct time of
day from response
Registration
• A CM must be authorized to forward traffic into the
network once it is initialized, authenticated and configured.
• The CM must forward the operational parameters to the
CMTS as part of a registration request. The CMTS must
perform the following operations to confirm the CM
authorization:
– Check the Message Integrity Check (MIC) and the authentication
signature on the parameter list.
– Assign a Service ID based on the classes of service supported.
– Reply to the modem registration request.
Software Upgrade
• Using Provisioning
– Config File contains:
• New software download image file name
• Software upgrade TFTP server
– Once CM resets, it will load the new software image
• Using SNMP
– Set MIB Objects:
• docsDevSwFilename: new software download image file name
• docsDevSwServer: software upgrade TFTP server
• docsDevSwAdminStatus: upgradeFromMgt(1), to start immediately
the software upgrade.
Review Questions I
• What are the DOCSIS service goals?
• Describe the DOCSIS components.
• List the different protocol layer/sublayer on the DOCSIS
architecture.
• Describe the different data forwarding mode for the CMTS
and CM.
• How does a CM acquire CPE MAC address?
• List two differences between the CM forwarding rules
between cable-to-ethernet and ethernet-to-cable?
• List the internal components of the Toshiba cable modem.
Review Questions I
• How many LED’s the Toshiba cable modem has on its
front panel.
• How many IP filter does the cable modem support?
• List the main components of a CMTS.
• What is the expected C/N ratio for normal DOCSIS
operation on the downstream and upstream?
• How many symbol rates are supported by DOCSIS
upstream? List them.
• How many bits does a 16QAM symbol represents? And
QPSK?
Review Questions I
• Which options of FEC coding are provided on the DOCSIS
upstream?
• List Five (5) attributes defined by a burst profile.
• What are the output transmit power on the upstream? What
is the accuracy?
• What are the modulation techniques used on the DOCSIS
downstream?
• List the frequency plans supported by DOCSIS downstream.
• Describe the main phases on the cable modem initialization.
Review Questions I
• Describe the scanning and synchronization with the
Downstream.
• What is a UCD?
• When does a cable modem conclude the initial ranging
process?
• Which DHCP messages are sent by a cable modem during
its initialization?
• How does the CMTS confirm the cable modem
authentication?
• Describe the two ways to upgrade a cable modem software.
MPEG Header pointer_field Tail of MAC Frame #1 stuff_byte(s) Start of MAC Frame #2
(PUSI = 1) (= M) (M bytes) (0 or more)
MPEG Header pointer_field MAC Frame MAC Frame stuff_bytes MAC Frame
(PUSI = 1) (= 0) #1 #2 (0 or more) #3
MAC Definitions
• Service ID (SID)
– The concept of Service IDs is central to the operation of the MAC
protocol. Service IDs provide both device identification and class-
of-service management.
– The length of the Service ID is 14 bits.
– Four types of Service IDs are defined:
• 0x3FFF - broadcast, intended for all stations.
• 0x2000-0x3FFE - multicast, intended for a defined group of stations.
• 0x0001-0x1FFF - unicast, intended for a particular CM or a particular
service within a CM.
• 0x0000 - null address, addressed to no station.
Data PDU
MAC Header
(optional)
MAC Sublayer
PMD Sublayer
Start of Burst Start of Burst Start of Burst
at Mini-slot at Mini-slot at Mini-slot
boundary boundary boundary
PMD Overhead
FC Field Format
Error Handling
• The cable network is a potentially harsh environment that may cause
several different error conditions to occur.
– This may be a result of noise on the network or possibly by collisions in
the upstream channel.
– Framing recovery on the downstream channel is performed by the MPEG
transmission convergence sublayer.
– In the upstream channel, framing is recovered on each transmitted burst,
such that framing on one burst is independent of framing on prior bursts.
Hence, framing errors within a burst are handled by simply ignoring that
burst; i.e., errors are unrecoverable until the next burst.
• For every MAC transmission, The HCS is verified. When a bad HCS is
detected, the MAC Header and any payload is dropped.
Upstream MAC
• The upstream channel is modeled as a stream of mini-slots.
– The CMTS generates the time reference for identifying these slots, it also
controls access to these slots by the cable modems (through grants).
– The CM must time its transmission so that the CMTS receives it in the
time reference specified.
• The basic mechanism for assigning bandwidth management is the
allocation map.
– The allocation map is a MAC Management message transmitted by the
CMTS on the downstream channel that describes, for a specif interval, the
uses of the upstream mini-slots.
– A map may describe:
• some slots as grants for particular stations to transmit data in,
• other slots as available for contention transmission, and
• other slots as an opportunity for new stations to join the link.
Allocation Map
Map PDU Transmitted on downstream channel by the CMTS
mini-slots
CM tx request CM tx CM tx
maintenance
opportunity contention area opportunity opportunity
Upstream Requests
• Only one type of upstream request is inherent to the
allocation protocol:
– request for upstream bandwidth.
– the request may be transmitted any time that either a request or a
data PDU is allowed from the particular station (Request IE,
Request/Data IE or Data Grant IE).
– In addition, it may be piggybacked on a data transmission.
– A request includes:
• The Service ID making the request.
• The number of mini-slots requested.
Contention Resolution
• The CMTS controls assignments on the upstream channel
through the MAP and determines which mini-slots are
subject to collisions.
– The CMTS may allow collisions on either Requests or Data PDUs.
• The mandatory method of contention resolution that must
be supported is based on a truncated binary exponential
back-off, with the initial back-off window and the
maximum back-off window controlled by the CMTS.
– The values are specified as part of the Bandwidth Allocation Map
(MAP) MAC message and represent a power-of-two value.
• For example, a value of 4 indicates a window between 0 and 15; a
value of 10 indicates a window between 0 and 1023.
Class of Service
• DOCSIS supports different user defined classes of
services.
• Variables associated with class of service:
– Class ID: identifier for the class of service; range 1 to 16.
– Service ID; associated to a class of service
– Maximum Downstream Rate (bit/sec)
– Maximum Upstream Rate (bit/sec)
– Upstream Channel Priority (0-7)
– Guaranteed Minimum Upstream Channel Rate (bit/sec)
– Maximum Upstream Transmit Burst (bytes)
– Class-of-Service Privacy Enable (0 or 1)
Filtering Mechanism
• The Cable Device MIB provides objects for both LLC and IP protocol
filters.
– The LLC protocol filter entries can be used to limit CM forwarding to a
restricted set of network-layer protocols (such as IP, IPX, NetBIOS, and
Appletalk).
– The IP protocol filter entries can be used to restrict upstream or
downstream traffic based on source and destination IP addresses,
transport-layer protocols (such as TCP, UDP, and ICMP), and source and
destination TCP/UDP port numbers.
– The MIB objects can be set using either SNMP or the CM Config File.
– The cable modem supports multiple filtering entries; 32 IP filtering
entries, 16 Ethernet filtering entries and 16 LLC filtering entries.
Setting up a Filtering
• Example using SNMP:
– Discard any inbound UDP/bootp packet from the Ethernet interface. This
filtering will be set up as the third entry on the cable modem IP filtering table.
MIB Object ID Value Description Comments
docsDevFilterIpDefault 2 (accept) for accepting new entries on the filtering
table
docsDevFilterIpStatus.3 1 (active) for activating the new filtering entry
docsDevFilterIpControl.3 1 (discard) for discarding packets
docsDevFilterIpIfIndex.3 1 (Ethernet) for Ethernet side
docsDevFilterIpDirection.3 1 (inbound) for inbound traffic
docsDevFilterIpBroadcast.3 2 (false) unicast, broadcast and multicast packets will
be filtered
docsDevFilterIpSaddr.3 0.0.0.0 (all) source IP address
docsDevFilterIpSmask.3 0.0.0.0 (all) source IP mask
docsDevFilterIpDaddr.3 0.0.0.0 (all) destination IP address
docsDevFilterIpDmask.3 0.0.0.0 (all) destination IP mask
docsDevFilterIpProtocol.3 17 (UDP) protocol
docsDevFilterIpSourcePortLow.3 67 (bootps) source port low (first on a range)
docsDevFilterIpSourcePortHigh.3 67 (bootps) source port high (last on a range)
docsDevFilterIpDestPortLow.3 68 (bootpc) destination port low (first on a range)
docsDevFilterIpDestPortHigh.3 68 (bootpc) destination port high (last of a range)
docsDevFilterIpMatches.3 0 (set to 0) counter for events
docsDevfilterIpDefault 1 (discard) for finishing accept new entries
Note that the .3 on all set commands above represents the third entry on the cable modem’s IP filtering
table.
Multicast
• Cable modem supports multicast operation based on either
the DOCSIS v1.0 or DOCSIS v1.1 specification.
– The factory default for the multicast operation is the DOCSIS v1.0
specification, however, it can be changed through SNMP.
– DOCSIS v1.0 multicast operation mode forward all multicast
packets, unless blocked by IP filtering
– DOCSIS v1.1 multicast operation mode supports IGMP Proxy
function
• only required multicast packets are forwarded, improving bandwidth
utilization.
Baseline Privacy
• Baseline Privacy provides cable modem users with data privacy across
the RF network.
– It provides user data privacy by encrypting traffic flows between CM and
CMTS.
• Baseline Privacy uses the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode of the
US Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm (known as 3-DES) to
encrypt the Packet PDU field in both upstream and downstream RF
MAC Packet Data PDUs.
– The MAC headers of these Packet Data PDUs must not be encrypted.
– The payloads, as well as headers, of MAC management messages must be
sent in the clear to facilitate registration, ranging, and normal operation of
the MAC sublayer.
Operational Overview
• Baseline Privacy initialization begins with the CM sending the CMTS
an authorization request.
– It contains data identifying the CM (e.g., MAC address), the CM’s RSA
public key, and a list of zero or more assigned unicast SIDs that have been
configured to run Baseline Privacy.
• If the CMTS determines the requesting CM is authorized for these
services.
– The CMTS responds with an authorization reply containing a list of SIDs
(both unicast and multicast) that the CM is permitted to run Baseline
Privacy on.
• The reply also includes an authorization key from which CM and CMTS derive
the keys needed to secure a CM’s subsequent requests for per-SID traffic
encryption keys, and the CMTS’s responses to these requests. The
authorization key is encrypted with the receiving cable modem’s public key.
– where:
• type is a single-octet identifier which defines the parameter,
• length is a single octet containing the length of the value field
in octets (not including type and length fields).
• value is from one to 254 octets containing the specific value for
the parameter.
Config. 3
4-X
1
n
(0/1) Network Access Control Object
Class of Service Encodings
must be set to 0 (zero).
(Mandatory)
The only subclass defined is 0 2-way RFI CM:
default=NO SERVICE Note: should be logged as error
Parameters
in the event log. Telephony Return CM: default=Best
Effort Svc. Note: telephony upstream is independent of
CoS
4-1 1 [1.16] Class ID (Optional)
4-2 4 Maximum Downstream Data Rate No maximum downstream data rate
4-3 4 Maximum Upstream Data Rate No maximum upstream data rate
4-4 1 [0.7] Upstream Channel Priority 0 (Lowest Priority)
4-5 4 Guaranteed Minimum Upstream Data Rate 0 (No guaranteed minimum upstream data rate)
4-6 * 2 Maximum Upstream Channel Burst Use value from Upstream Channel Descriptor
4-7 1 (0/1) C-o-S Privacy Enabled 0 (Privacy not enabled)
5 n Modem Capabilities No optional features
6 16 CM MIC (Mandatory)
7 16 CMTS MIC (Mandatory)
8 3 Vendor ID Configuration Setting Vendor ID = All Zeros (this might be any CM)
9 n Software Upgrade Filename Software upgrade is not needed
10 n (0/1) SNMP Write Access Control 0 (No SNMP Write Access Control)
11 n SNMP MIB Object No SNMP objects set
15-X n Service Provider (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
15-2 n Service Providers (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
15-3 n Phone Number (1) (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
15-4 n Phone Number (2) (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
15-5 n Phone Number (3) (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
15-6 1 Retry Connection (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
15-7 n Username (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
15-8 n Password (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
15-9 1 DHCP Authenticate (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
15-10 4 DHCP Server IP Address (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
15-11 n RADIUS Realm (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
15-12 1 PPP Authentication (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
15-13 4 Demand Dial Timer (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
16 4 SNMP IP Address (Refer to SP-CMTRI-I01-970804)
17 n Baseline Privacy Configuration Settings
17-1 4 Authorized Timeout (Refer to SP-BPI-I01-970922)
17-2 4 Re-authorize Wait Timeout (Refer to SP-BPI-I01-970922)
17-3 4 Authorization Wait Timeout (Refer to SP-BPI-I01-970922)
17-4 4 Operational Wait Timeout (Refer to SP-BPI-I01-970922)
17-5 4 Re-key Wait Timeout (Refer to SP-BPI-I01-970922)
17-6 4 TEK Grace Time (Refer to SP-BPI-I01-970922)
18 1 Maximum # of CPEs 1
19 4 TFTP Server Timestamp (Optional)
20 4 TFTP Server Provisioned Modem Address (Optional)
0 N/A Pad Not Applicable
255 N/A End-of-Data (Mandatory)
* Note: TBA
DHCP Configuration
• The following fields are expected in the DHCP response
returned to the CM.
– The IP address to be used by the CM (yiaddr).
– The IP address of the TFTP server for use in the next phase of the
bootstrap process (siaddr).
– If the DHCP server is on a different network (requiring a relay
agent), then the IP address of the relay agent (giaddr). Note: this
may differ from the IP address of the first hop router.
– The name of the CM configuration file to be read from the TFTP
server by the CM (file).
– The subnet mask to be used by the CM (Subnet Mask, option 1).
Configuration Example
• DHCP Example (Join)
[dhcpcap (Solaris2.6) see www.join.com for more information ]
modemhome:\
:nw=192.168.1.0:\ # Network or subnet Address
:gw=192.168.1.252:\ # Routers option
:sm=255.255.255.0:\ # Subnet Mask
:ba=192.168.1.255:\ # Broadcast Address
:ts=209.80.15.61:\ # Time Server Address
:nt=209.80.15.61:\ # Boot File Server Address (TFTP Server)
:lg=209.80.15.61:\ # Log Server Address
:cm=209.80.15.61:\ #
:to=32400:\ #
:bf="modem.cfg":\ # Boot file (Cable modem Configuration file name)
:sa=209.80.15.61:\ # Server Address
:dn=npdc.tais.com:\ # Domain name
:hd="/tftpboot":\ #Home directory
:td="/tftpboot":\ #TFTP root directory
:ds=204.182.160.1: # DNS Server Address
Configuration Example
• DHCP Example (CNR)
Configuration Example
• DHCP Example (WindowsNT)
Configuration Example
• Cisco uBR Example
[uBR configuration example]
ubr7223#show running-conf
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 209.80.15.61 255.255.255.0
!
interface Cable2/0
ip address 192.168.1.252 255.255.255.0
no keepalive
cable helper-address 209.80.15.61
cable downstream annex B
cable downstream modulation 64qam
cable downstream interleave-depth 32
cable downstream frequency 633000000
cable upstream 0 frequency 7008000
cable upstream 0 channel-width 3200000
cable upstream 0 minislot-size 4
no cable upstream 0 shutdown
!
Review Questions II
• What are the functions of Transmission Convergence
sublayer? Do downstream and upstream support this
sublayer?
• Describe the function of the pointer_field on the MPEG
payload.
• List five (5) main features of the DOCSIS Medium Access
Control (MAC).
• What is the definition for a Service ID (SID)?
• List the possible size of mini-slots (in sec)?
• What is the maximum size of a MAC Header?
Review Questions II
• Which types of slots are described by a MAC allocation
map message?
• List all types of Information Elements (IE).
• What information is included on a upstream request
message?
• Describe the contention resolution protocol used by
DOCSIS MAC.
• List 5 (five) variables associated with class of services.
• Which token bucket parameter is used to define the
maximum transmission rate?
Review Questions II
• Describe the two ways to set filtering on the cable modem.
• What is the function of the Baseline Privacy?
• Which security protocol is used to key management?
• Describe the encryption keys used by Baseline Privacy?
• Where the cable modem Configuration File is located?
• Describe the TLV.
• List 5 (five) parameters of Configuration File.
• When using the Configuration File Editor which command
you need to set the Max. Upstream Rate parameter.
Installation - Overview
Coupler
IN OUT
TAP
Cable
TV
Coax
Television
AC Ethernet
Adapter Cable
Monitoring LED’s
Function Color Definition
Power Green - dark for power off
- solid for power on
Cable Green - dark for no downstream RF carrier
present or power off
- flashing slowly for downstream RF
carrier present and ranging in progress
- flashing fast for registration in progress
- solid for the Cable Modem registered
and ready to transfer data
Advanced Diagnostics
• Advanced Diagnostics
– Java-based Application
– Communicates using SNMP
– Support for Trouble Shooting and Performance Analysis
• Throughput Analysis
• CMTS Statistics
• Power, SNR, Error Statistics and Logs
– Continuously polls a specific modem to obtain statistics
– Support for DOCSIS and Toshiba specific MIB’s
– Allows print and save as text the collected statistics
View Menu
Event Log
Power Monitor
RF Channel Table
LED Panel
Headend Information
CMTS Panel
CPE Info
Ping
13 - Using SNMP
• Cable Modem supports Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP)
– It supports standard MIB objects, DOCSIS MIB objects
and Toshiba proprietary MIB objects
• DOCSIS MIB files
– bpi-mib-00.mib
– cable-04.mib
– brfmib-04.mib
– Refer to Cable Modem System Admin. Manual for list
of DOCSIS and Toshiba MIB Objects
SNMP
• SNMP entities
– Manager: executes network management operations which monitor and
control agent systems (e.g. HP Open View Network Node Manager).
– Agent: device (such as host, router, switch or hub) that has an agent
responsible for performing network management operations requested by a
manager.
• Management Information Base (MIB): information hold by an agent
• Community
– defines which object can be access in a MIB
• Actions allowed by SNMP:
– Manager can retrieve management information from a agent
– Manager can alter, or set, management information on an agent
– Agent can send information to a manager without an explicit request from
the manager (called trap or notification)
SNMP (cont’d)
• Manager-Agent Communication through SNMP
Manager Agent
MIB
SNMP Request
Alter Information
SNMP Reply
Retrieve Information
SNMP Trap
RF
DC IN
10 BaseT 12 V, 1A
Serial Port
Value Value
DOCSIS CMTS
CMTS
Sync Interval
UCD Interval
Nominal time between transmission
of SYNC messages
Time between transmission of UCD
messages
200 msec
2 sec
Parameters CMTS
CMTS
Max MAP Pending
Ranging Interval
The number of mini-slots that a
CMTS is allowed to map into the
future
Time between transmission of
4096 mini-
slot times
2 sec
& Constants
broadcast Ranging
CM Lost Sync Interval Time since last received Sync 600 msec
message before synchronization is
considered lost
CM Contention Number of Retries on contention 16
Ranging Retries Ranging Requests
CM, CMTS Invited Ranging Number of Retries on inviting 16
Retries Ranging Requests
CM Request Retries Number of retries on bandwidth 16
allocation requests
CM Registration Number of retries on registration 3
Request Retries requests
CM Data Retries Number of retries on immediate data 16
transmission
CMTS CM MAP Time provided between arrival of the 200 s
processing time last bit of a MAP at a CM and
effectiveness of that MAP
CMTS CM Ranging Minimum time allowed for a CM 1 msec
Response following receipt of a ranging
processing time response before it is expected to
reply to an invited ranging request
CMTS CM Configuration The maximum time allowed for a 3 minutes
CM, following receipt of a
configuration file, to send a
Registration Request to a CMTS.
CM T1 Wait for UCD timeout 5 * UCD
interval
maximum
value
CM T2 Wait for broadcast ranging timeout 5 * ranging
interval
CM T3 Wait for ranging response 50 msec 200 msec 200 msec
CM T4 Wait for unicast ranging opportunity. 30 sec 35 sec
If the pending-till-complete field was
used earlier by this modem, then the
value of that field must be added to
this interval.
CMTS T5 Wait for Upstream Channel Change 2 sec
response
CM T6 Wait for registration response 3 sec
CM, CMTS Mini-slot size Size of mini-slot for upstream 32 symbol times
transmission. Must be a power of 2
(in units of the Timebase Tick)
CM, CMTS Timebase Tick System timing unit 6.25 sec
DOCSIS v1.1
• DOCSIS 1.1 is a revision of the DOCSIS 1.0 Specification.
– The major changes and extensions are intended to support enhanced
Quality of Service (QoS). The major driver for these changes is the
Packet Cable initiative.
• QoS Extensions
• Fragmentation
• Baseline Privacy Enhancements (Authentication/Digital Certificates)
• IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) requirements
• DOCSIS 1.1 does not impact the DOCSIS 1.0 physical
layer. The DOCSIS 1.1 enhancements involve functionality
above the physical layer, particularly at the DOCSIS
Medium Access Control (MAC) layer.
Scheduling Services
• Scheduling services are designed to improve the
efficiency of the poll/grant process
– Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS)
– Real-Time Polling Service (rtPS)
– Unsolicited Grant Service with Activity Detection
– Non Real-Time Polling Service
– Best Effort Service
– Other services
• Such as Committed Information Rate (CIR)
SID 2
Upstream Upstream
… Classifier
SID n
Packet Cable
• Set of specifications created by CableLabs ® to support the deployment
of voice-over-IP (VoIP) services
• Packet Cable uses DOCSIS v1.1 as basic transport for the voice traffic,
since DOCSIS v1.1 provides quality-of-service (QoS) guarantee
– Voice traffic uses unsolicited grant service (UGS)
• It provides support to all telephone class features and multiple rate codes
– Features such as Caller ID, Call Waiting, Call Forwarding, etc.
– Codecs such as G.711 (64Kbps), G.728 (16Kbps) and G.729a/e (8Kbps)
• Packet Cable allows a very cost effective deployment for telephone
services
– Share existing DOCSIS infrastructure with data services
RF RF
CM + MTA CMTS Network CMTS CM + MTA
To PSTN
Provisioning
PSTN
(DOCSIS & Call Agent
Interface
Packet Cable)
MTA/CM
Announcement Server
PC 1.0 Specs.
PC 1.1 Specs.
PC 1.1 Interop.
PC 1.2 Specs.
PC 1.2 Interop.
Hands-on
• Configuration
– CMTS, provisioning and cable modem
• Physical Layer
– RF signals, noise and interference
• Networking & Performance
• Management
Sun Server
WinNT Server
Ranging Process
UpConverter H
Cisco CMTS Cable Modem Client PC
L
192.168.100.1 192.168.100.2
Frequency
Modulation
Power level
C/N
Registration Process
Sun Server
TFTP Server
Time Server
Calbe Modem
Client PC
Config file
Carrier/Noise Ratio
UpConverter H
Cisco CMTS Cable Modem Client PC
L
23.5dB
24.5dB
Signal Generator
UpConverter H
Cisco CMTS Cable Modem Client PC
L
23.5dB
24.5dB
If trouble happened ?
• Diag Tool log
– Save Report
• Cable Modem LED
– Cable LED : Off, Slow Blinking, Fast Blinking
• Config file
– Try to use sample configuration file
• CMTS log
– #Show cable modem
– #Show tech-support
• Check MSO Support Page
– http://www.toshiba.com/taisnpdc/downloads
100BASE-Tx 10
CMTS
Throughput (Mbps)
Cable Modem 8
Cisco uBR7223 RF
6 64Byte
64QAM,QPSK(1.6MHz)
4 1518Byte
SNMP Management
# netstat -rn
Routing Table:
Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface
-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------
209.80.15.0 209.80.15.61 U 3 169 hme0
224.0.0.0 209.80.15.61 U 3 0 hme0
default 209.80.15.62 UG 0 7824
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 96909 lo0
# snoop -d hme0
192.168.1.254 -> demo-server1 DHCP/BOOTP BOOTREQUEST
server -> 192.168.1.131 IP D=192.168.1.131 S=209.80.15.61 LEN=28,ID=41701
? -> * ETHER Type=9000 (Loopback), size = 60 bytes
server -> 192.168.1.254 DHCP/BOOTP BOOTREPLY
192.168.1.254 -> demo-server1 DHCP/BOOTP BOOTREQUEST
server -> 192.168.1.254 DHCP/BOOTP BOOTREPLY
192.168.1.131 -> demo-server1 TIME C port=1024
server -> 192.168.1.131 TIME R port=1024
192.168.1.131 -> demo-server1 TFTP Read "modem.cfg" (octet)
server -> 192.168.1.131 TFTP Data block 1 (90 bytes) (last block)
192.168.1.131 -> demo-server1 TFTP Ack block 1