A GLIMPSE

OF THE
PAST
PRE-HISTORIC
• Baybayin – ancient writing system
• Spanish Documents – Spanish made our
historical documents
• Geography
• Fossils and Artifacts
• Government and Society
⮚ Balangay (boat) – 300 to 1000 families in one barangay
⮚ Barangay (Boat Society)
⮚ Kapitan - leader of Barangay
⮚ Datu – Legislative and Judicial (Trial by Ordeal)
⮚ Public Announcer – umalohokan
⮚ No National Government
⮚ Sultanato – Government of Mindanao (Sultan – Leader)
⮚ Economy – fishing and farming
• Primitive Technology
⮚ Ironworks (panday)
⮚ Boatmaking Technology (karakao – large vessel for fishing)
⮚ Domestication of Animals
⮚ Chicken (gambling/cock fighting)
⮚ Pigs (Binokot – princess – religious offerings)
• Trading System
⮚ Barter System
⮚ Sulu – near the water / rich / product (sea shells)
⮚ China used sea shells as commodity money
⮚ Salt (Pangasinan)
⮚ Golds (goldsmith)
• Social Structures
⮚ Maharlika (rich)
⮚ Timawa (free man)
⮚ Alipin (namamahay / saguiguilir)
• Religion
⮚ Animism
– Nature spirit
– Bathala (supreme deity) Tagalog
– God of Love (Diyan Masalanta)
– Babaylan (pari)
• Religious ceremonies and rituals
• female
• Burial
⮚ Life after death
⮚ Manunggul Jar
⮚ Morota – mourning for a death woman
⮚ Maglahi –mourning for a death man
⮚ Laraw – chieftain / datu
• Courtship and Marriages
⮚ Bigay-Kaya (dowry)
⮚ Panghimuyat – nocturnal effort
⮚ Bigay-Suso – gatas ng ina
⮚ Himaraw – reimbursement of all expenses
• Clothing
• Male (kanggan – upper garment ; bahag- lower garment ; putong – head
dress
• Putong - Red color means high official
 TASK 1:

• Tell Something about your own culture. Narrate it focusing on the following:
⮚ Practices/Ways
⮚ Clothing
⮚ Courtship
⮚ Feast/Events
⮚ Religion
⮚ Burial
SPANISH
PERIOD
• 3 G’s (God, Gold, and Glory)
• Mercantilism- ("commercialism,” is a system in
which a country attempts to amass wealth through
trade with other countries, exporting more than it
imports and increasing stores of gold and precious
metals.)
Agreement – Treaty of
• Age of Exploration Tordesillas
– Portugal Pope Alexander VI
– Spain (mediator)
• Five boats used during the expedition of Magellan
1. Trinidad
2. San Antonio
3. Santiago
4. Concepcion
5. Victoria
• Magellan Expedition
• Homonhon – unang isla na napuntahan ni Magellan (March
17, 1521) ; Archipelago of St. Lazarus
• Limasawa – first Mass (March 31,1521)
- Raja Humabon (nagpabinyag)
- image of the Holy Child Jesus (Sto. Niño)
• Mactan (Cebu) – Battle of Mactan (April 27, 1521)
• Sebastian del Cano – became a chieftain after
Magellan died
• Enrique of Malacca (Henry) interpreter / translator /
slave trading
• Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (Expedition)
– Las Islas Filipinas
– In honor of King Philip II
– Las Islas de Ponientes (Western Islands)
• Miguel Lopez de Legaspi – first Gov. Gen. of the
Philippines
• Cebu – oldest City in the Philippines
• (Ciudad del Santissimo Nobre de Jesus) image of the Holy
Child Jesus
• Encomienda – “to entrust” – system of
distribution of lands
• Encomiendero – leader of the encomienda
• Reduccion – resettlement
– It is a responsibility of Encomiendero to:
• Protect the natives
• Assist the Spanish missionaries to spread Christianity
• Pueblo (town)
• Cabeceras (town center)
• System of Government – Centralized Government
• National (Governor General)
⮚ Residencia – public
⮚ Visita – secretly
⮚ Royal Audencia – highest court
• Provincial
⮚ Alcalde Mayor - Alcadia (Pacified)
⮚ Corregidor – Corregimiento (Unpacified)
• Municipal
⮚ Ayuntamiento (City)
• Cabildo (City Councilors)
⮚ Pueblo (Municipality)
• Governador Cillo (for Filipino)
• Barrio
⮚ Cabeza de Barangay
• Economic Policies
– Polo Y Servicios (Forced Labor)
– Polista (laborer) 16-60 years old ; 40 days reduced to 15
days
– Falla (payment / bribe)
– Construction of Churches
• Baclayon Church (Oldest church)
– Construction of Schools
• Colegio de Niños (children)
• UST (1611) – First University in Asia and in the Philippines
– Construction of roads and bridges
– Construction of galleon ships
• Galleon Trade (Manila Acapulco Trade)
– Acapulco to Mexico (Nao de China)
– 250 years (1565 -1815)
– 90 days Manila to Acapulco
– 120 days Acapulco to Manila
• Tobacco Monopoly
– Jose Basco Y Vargas
– Ilocos Region /Cagayan Region
– Francis Nicot (Scientist – Nicotine)
• Taxation
– Tributo (8 reales to 15 reales)
– 1884 Cedula Personal (Community Tax Identification)
– Bandala – annual enforced sale of rice stalks
• Narciso Claveria
– Spanish Surnames
– Catalogo Alfabetico de Appelidos
• Lack of Unity – isolated revolts / no nationalism
• Nationalism (love for country)
• Secularization Movement (Filipinization of the Church)
– Pedro Pelaez (1st leader)
– GOMBURZA (2nd Leader)
– Cavite Mutiny (January 20, 1872)
– Execution of GOMBURZA (garrote) February 17, 1872
– Rafael de Izquierdo – ordered the execution of the
GOMBURZA
– Francisco Zaldua – betrayed the GOMBURZA
• Propaganda Movement
– Triumvirate (Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Gregorio Del
Pilar)
– Assimilation of the Philippines to Spain
• Philippines will become a province of Spain
– Representation to Spanish Cortes (Congress)
– Expulsion of Spanish Friars from the Philippines
– Frailocracia – Marcelo Del Pilar
– La Solidaridad (official newspaper)
• Pen Name
– Rizal (Dimasalang / Laon Laan)
– Del Pilar ( Plaridel / Dolores Manapat / Siling Labuyo / Piping
Dilat / Pupdoh)
– Jaena (Diego Laura)
Pen Name
• Mariano Ponce (Tikbalang / Naning /
Kalipulako)
• La Liga Filipina (July 3 1892)
• Socio-Civic Orzanization
• Motto “Unus Instar Omnium” (One Like All)
– Unity

• Eulogio Despujol – nagpadakip at

nagpatapon kay Rizal sa Dapitan
• Camilo de Polovieja – nagpapatay kay Rizal
TASK 2:

• If you will be given a chance to choose any of the heroes that was discuss
who will it be? Why did you choose him/her?
• What characteristics did you admire from him/her the most?
• Are you willing to do the same sacrifices? Why or why not?
KATIPUNAN (SECRET SOCIETY)
JULY 7, 1892
• Layunin:
⮚ Political- separation of Philippine from Spain
⮚ Civic – self-help (One Like All)
⮚ Moral – teaching of good manners and maintain the personal hygiene
• Kalayaan (official newspaper of Katipunan)
• Andres Bonifacio ( Agapito Bagumbayan / May Pag-asa)
• Emilio Jacinto (Dimas Ilaw / Pingkian) – brain of the katipunan /
kartilya ng katipunan
• Apolinario Mabini – brain of the Revolution
TRIANGLE METHOD
• Three Kinds of Membership
1. Katipon (newbie / password: anak ng bayan)
2. Kawal (password: GOMBURZA)
3. Bayani (password: Rizal)
– Jose Rizal never became involved in the organization and
activities of the Katipunan; but the Katipuneros still looked up
to him as a leader. In fact, Rizal’s name was used as a
password among the society’s highest-ranking members, who
were called bayani.
⮚ Sedition: writings
⮚ Rebellion: raising of arms
DISCOVERY OF THE KATIPUNAN LEADS TO CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN

⮚ HONORARY PRESIDENT OF THE KATIPUNAN : JOSE RIZAL

⮚ August 19, 1896 when a KKK member, Teodoro Patiño told his
sister Honoria about the existence of the Katipunan. Patiño was
a worker in the printing press of Diario de Manila. Honoria was
then living with nuns in a Mandaluyong orphanage.
⮚ The information upset Honoria so much that she told the
orphanage’s Mother Superior, Sor Teresa de Jesus, what her
brother had revealed. Sor Teresa suggested they seek the
advice of Father Mariano Gil, the parish priest of Tondo.
PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
AUGUST 23, 1896
• Marked the start of the Philippine Revolution
• Ramon Blanco – Governor General who ordered Martial Law
• Eight Provinces
• Magdalo – Baldomero Aguinaldo (leader)
• Magdiwang – Mariano Alvarez (leader)
• Tejeros Convention – conflict between two faction (March 22, 1897)
• Daniel Tirona – slighted Bonifacio
• Naic Military Agreement – Trial of Bonifacio – Death of Bonifacio (May 10, 1897)
REPUBLIC OF BIAK-NA-BATO

• Pact of Biak-na-Bato (Agreement)

• 800,000 pesos (400,000 pesos)
• Aguinaldo will be exile in Hong Kong
AMERICAN
PERIOD
GOALS:
1. Extension of American Market to the Philippines
2. Creation of Military Bases- first line of defense
3. Art of Self-Government

⮚ Spanish-American War (May 1, 1898)

⮚ Government System:
⮚ Military Government (August 14, 1898)
⮚ Wesley Merritt (leader)
⮚ Elwell Otis
⮚ Arthur McArthur
• Treaty of Paris (December 10, 1898) - $20,000,000
• Felipe Agoncillo (first Filipino diplomat)
• Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation – William McKinley
(President of US) December 21, 1898
• Dictatorial Government – established by Emilio Aguinaldo (May
24, 1898)
• Declaration of Independence (June 12, 1898)
– Julian Felipe (music)
– Jose Palma (lyrics – marcha)
– San Francisco de Malabon (band)

• Revolutionary Government (First Government – Military and

Second Government - Civil)
• Malolos Republic (January 23,1899)
PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR
FEBRUARY 4, 1899
• San Juan Bridge Incident (reason for the war)
• Antonio Luna was killed as ordered by Emilio Aguinaldo
• Antonio Luna known as the greatest general of the first
Philippine Republic
• Gregorio del Pilar – battle of Tirad Pass
• Januario Galut – Igorot (reason why del Pilar was killed)
• Captivity of Aguinaldo (March 23, 1899)
• Civil Government (July 4, 1901)
• William Howard Taft – Civil Governor
AMERICAN POLICIES
1. Public Education System (Education Act of 1901)
⮚ Thomasites – (S.S. Thomas – name of the ship)
⮚ Pensionados – Tarhata Kiram ( first woman pensionado)
2. Free Trade Policy
⮚ Payne-Aldrich Act (partial free trade with tax)
⮚ Underwood-Simmons Act (full free trade without tax)
⮚ Free trade – malayang kalakalan sa pagitan ng Pilipinas at Amerika
⮚ Tariffa - tax
3. Filipinization Policy (Francis Burton Harrison)
⮚ Participation of Filipinos to the Government
⮚ Executive –Governor General (American Only); Dept. of Instruction
(American Only)
- Other Department (Filipino can be a Secretary)
• Legislative – Philippine Commission (Upper House)
– Cooper Act – Philippine Bill of 1902 = Philippine Assembly
(Lower House ALL FILIPINOS)
– Jones Law of 1916 – Senate = House of the Representatives
(ALL FILIPINOS)
• First law that promise the granting of Independence to the Filipinos
IF stable government is achieved.
– Tydings-McDuffie (1934) – Commonwealth Government (10
years)
• Judicial
– Cayetano Arellano – First Chief Justice
TASK 3:

• Explain the following based on your understanding:

⮚ Treaty of Paris (December 10, 1898)
⮚ Payne-Aldrich Act
⮚ Underwood-Simmons Act
⮚ Cooper Act
⮚ Jones Law of 1916
⮚ Tydings-McDuffie (1934)
COMMONWEALTH

1. Manuel Quezon
2. Sergio Osmeña
3. Manuel Roxas
✔first President of the 3rd Republic
✔Creation of National Language
✔Women Suffrage
JAPANESE
PERIOD
• Goal: Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (build an empire
in Asia)
• Bombing of Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)
• Bombing of Clark and Subic (December 8, 1941)
• Manila declared an “open city” by Douglas McArthur
(December 26, 1941)
• Fall of Manila (January 2, 1942)
• United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE ) combined
forces of Phil. and US
• Fall of Bataan (April 9, 1942)
• Fall of Corregidor (May 6, 1942)
• Death March (Maribeles Bataan to San Fernando Pampanga /
Capaz, Tarlac via Train)
• Guerilla
• Educational Policy (Military Order No. 2 – Skills / love for labor ,
love for work)
• Jose P. Laurel
– President of the 2nd Republic
– Puppet Republic
– KALIBAPI (Kapisanan ng mga Lingkod ng Bagong Pilipinas)
– Mickey Mouse Money - At the outbreak of World War II, the Philippines
faced serious monetary problems, specifically, the devaluation of peso.
During the Japanese occupation, the government issued
fiat money known as the Japanese government-issued Philippine fiat
peso or Japanese peso.
– Looting
– Buy and Sell
• Social Condition
– Japanese Soldier (Kempeitai)
– Makapili (Filipino traitor)
• Return of McArthur (October 20, 1944)
– Battle of Leyte Gulf (greatest naval battle in the world history)
• Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (August 6, 1945
and August 9, 1945)
• The Fall of Japan (September 2, 1945) End of World War
II
• July 4, 1946 – Independence Day (America)
POST-WAR
• Manuel Roxas
– Bell Trade Act (law for rehabilitation)
– US donated $620,000,000 in exchange of Parity Rights
– Parity Rights - pantay na karapatan sa likas na yaman
– Military Bases Agreement (repairing of military bases)
• Elpidio Quirino
– Minimum Wage Law
– Central Bank of the Philippines (Banko Sentral)
– Social Security System
• Ramon Magsaysay
– Man of the masses
– Love for the little man/common man (farmers)
– Open the Malacañang Palace to all
– Agricultural Tenancy Act (relationship of the landlord & tenants)
– ACCFA (crediting agency for farmers)
– NARRA (resettlement program)
• Carlos P. Garcia
– Filipino First Policy
– Austerity Program (pagtitipid ng mga Filipino)
• Diosdado Macapagal
– Poor boy from Lubao
– Land for the landless
– Agricultural Land Reform Act
– Change the date of Independence day from July 4 to June12
• Ferdinand Marcos
– I will make this country great again
– New Society
– Green Revolution (Miracle Rice IR -8)
– Martial Law (September 21, 1972)
– 1973 Constitution – Modified Parliamentary System
– EDSA 1 (February 22-25, 1986)
• Corazon Aquino
– People’s Power (February 22-25, 1986)
– Freedom Constitution
– 1987 Constitution
– Ina ng Demokrasya
– First woman President (Philippine and Asia)
• Fidel Ramos
– Philippines 2000
• Joseph Estrada
– Ama ng Masa
– Unang Presidente na natanggal sa pwesto pamamagitan ng Impeachment
• Gloria Arroyo
– Strong Republic
– Removal of Death Penalty
• Benigno Simeon Aquino III
• K to 12 Educational System
• Rodrigo Duterte
– Change is coming
– Mindanaoan President
– TRAIN Law
– National ID System
– BOL (Bangsamoro Organic Law )
– Passport (10 years)
– Universal Health Care
– Free College Tuition Fee
– Aggressive Infrastructure Plan
– Cutting red Tape
– Bloody War on Drugs
– Environmental Policies (Boracay, Manila Bay, Laguna Lake rehab,
Canada garbage)
TASK 4:

• Choose one President that you admire the most. State why you like him/her.
• What particular program or project did you admire the most and you
benefited from until now.
• If you will become a future President of the Philippines, what will be your
first executive order? Why?
REMEMBER!

•AgQueLaOsRoQui
MagGarMacMar
AquiRaEsArAqui
Du