The K.K.K.

and the Kartilya

A Topic in Ge Hist 6
Philippines, Late 19th Century
The Philippines, Late 19th Century
• By the late 18th Century, economic and political changes
in Europe had beginning to affect Spain and the
Philippines.
• The Galleon Trade ended during 1815.
• By 1830s Manila was already open to foreign trade.
• The demand for Philippine products like sugar and abaca
(hemp) rose as the Suez Canal was completed in 1869.
The Philippines, Late 19th Century
• The growth of the commercial agriculture resulted to the
appearance of a new class.
• Alongside the church and the land estates of pre-Spanish
Filipino nobility and their haciendas.
• The haciendas produces coffee, hemp and sugar.
• Some of these enterprises are owned by Chinese-Filipino
Mestizos.
The Spanish Education Decree of 1863
The Philippines, Late 19th Century
• Spanish Education Decree of December 20, 1863 was
enacted.
• By 1863 Public Education in the Philippines was made
mandatory.
• It was decreed by Queen Isabela II of Spain.
• The Royal Decree provided complete educational system
consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary levels.
• The Church controls the curriculum.
The Philippines, Late 19th Century
• Because of the limited quality of education in the country,
wealthy Filipino families that time sent their children to be
educated in Spain during the 1880's.
The Illustrados
The Illustrados
• They were known as the “erudite” or the “enlightened
ones”.
• Middle class Filipinos who were educated in Spain.
• They are exposed to Spanish Liberal and European
nationalist ideas.
• They are composed of native-born intellectuals across
ethnolinguistic and racial lines - Indios, Insulares and
Mestizos.
Jose Rizal and the Reform Movement
Jose Rizal and the Reform Movement
• Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
• June 19, 1861 - December 30, 1896
• He is one of the Illustrados who participated in the
Reformist Movement in Spain.
• He is a member of the La Solidaridad.
• Due to the futility of the movement he decided to take the
fight home.
• He founded the La Liga Filipina on 1892 at Doroteo
Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila.
La Liga Filipina
Jose Rizal and La liga Filipina
• The purpose of La Liga Filipina is to build a new group
sought to involve the people directly in the reform
movement.
• The league was to be a sort of mutual aid and self-help
society dispensing scholarship funds and legal aid,
loaning capital and setting up cooperatives.
• The organization became inactive during the exile of Rizal
to Dapitan.
La Liga Filipina and the Katipunan.
• The Liga membership split into two groups when it is
about to be revealed: the conservatives formed the
Cuerpo de Compromisarios which pledged to continue
supporting the La Solidaridad while the radicals led by
Bonifacio devoted themselves to a new and secret
society, the Katipunan.
The K.K.K.
What is K.K.K.?

• K.K.K. means the Kataas Taasang, Kagalanggalangan,

Anak ng Bayan(Supreme and Venerable Association of
the Children of the Nation). A revolutionary movement
that was formed to free the country of oppressive
Spanish Rule in the country.
• It has a complete form of government and has its own
President and his Cabinet.
What are its aims or objective?
• Organize an armed resistance against Spanish Rule in
secrecy
• Liberate the country from the Spanish opression
• Establish a free Filipino government
Who are its Founding Members
• Deodata Arellano the First
Supremo
Deodata Arellano

• He is first a propagandist and was the first elected

President in Katipunan's supreme council.
• He was cautious in admiting members to the
organization because of spies.
• Deemed ineffective by Andres Bonifacio and was
replaced.
Ladislao Diwa
• Fiscal of the group
Ladislao Diwa

• Formed the first triangle, a method of recruitment with

the help of Bonifacio and Plata.
• Formed another triange scheme of recruitment with the
help of Roman Basa and Teodoro Gonzales.
• He contributed to the expansion of the Katipunan in the
countryside.
Teodoro Plata
• Secretary
Teodoro Plata

• Served as the secretary of the Organization

• Formed the Women Auxiliaries section
• Was executed after a military trial and executed
through musketry during 1897.
Velentin Diaz
• Treasurer
Valentin Diaz

• One of the signatories of Pact of Biak-na-bato.

• One of the several revolutionaries who joined the exile
to Hong Kong.
Andres Bonifacio
• Comptroller
Andres Bonifacio

• Served as the society's comptroller

• He is the third Supremo of the Organization
Leaders or Presidents
• Deodato Arellano (1892-1893)
• Roman Basa (1893-1895)
• Andres Bonifacio (1895-1897)
Notable Figures
• Andres Bonifacio
• Emilio Aguinaldo
• Emilio Jacinto
• Gregoria de Jesus
• Gregorio del Pilar
• Pio del Pilar
Notable Figures
• Licerio Geronimo
• Vicente Lukban
• Miguel Malvar y Carpio
• Macario Sakay
• Paciano Rizal
• Manuel Tinio
• Aurelio Tolentino
• Julian Felipe
The Kartilya ng Katipunan
What is the Kartilya ng Katipunan?

• The Kartilya is consisted of thirteen teachings which a

Katipunero is expected to follow. It serves as a guide
for the new recruits of the organization to the principles
and values each of them should have.
Kartilya ng Katipunan (Katipunan Code of Ethics)  –  by Emilio Jacinto

• Life which is not consecrated to a lofty and sacred

cause is like a tree without a shadow, if not a
poisonous weed.
• A good deed that springs from a desire for personal
profit and not a desire to do good is not kindness.
• True greatness consists in being charitable, in loving
one’s fellow men and in adjusting every movement,
deed and word to true Reason.
Kartilya ng Katipunan (Katipunan Code of Ethics)  –
 by Emilio Jacinto
• All men are equal, be the color of their skin black or white.
One may be superior to another in knowledge, wealth,
and beauty but cannot be superior in being
• He who is noble prefers honor to personal gains; he who
is mean prefers personal profit to honor.
• To a man with a sense of shame, his word is inviolate.
• Don’t waste away time; lost riches may be recovered, but
time lost will never come again.
Kartilya ng Katipunan (Katipunan Code of Ethics)  –  by Emilio Jacinto

• Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.

• An intelligent man is he who is cautious in speech and
knows how to keep the secrets that must be guarded
• In a challenging path of life, the man leads the way and
his wife and children follow. If the leader goes the way of
evil, so do the followers.
Kartilya ng Katipunan (Katipunan Code of Ethics)  –  by Emilio Jacinto

• Think not of woman as a object merely to while away time

but as a helper and partner in the hardships of life.
Respect her in her weakness, and remember the mother
who brought you into this world and who cared for you in
your childhood.
• What you do not want done to your wife, daughter and
sister, do not do to the wife, daughter and sister of
another.
Kartilya ng Katipunan (Katipunan Code of Ethics)  –  by Emilio Jacinto

• The nobility of a man does not consist in being a king, nor

in the highness of nose and the whiteness of the skin, nor
in being the priest representing God, nor in the exalted
position on this earth, but pure and truly noble is he who,
through born in the woods, is possessed of an upright
character; who is true to his word; who had dignity and
honor; who does not oppress and does not help those
who oppress; who knows how to look after and love the
land of his birth.
Kartilya ng Katipunan (Katipunan Code of Ethics)  –
 by Emilio Jacinto
• When these doctrines spread and the Sun of beloved
liberty shines with brilliant effulgence in these unhappy
isles and sheds its soft rays upon the united people and
brothers in everlasting happiness, the lives, labors, and
suffering of those who are gone shall be more than
recompensed.
Context
• Analysis of the Content
Context
• In analyzing the content of the Kartilya ng Katipunan or
the Code-of-Ethics and the teachings of the group. It
sounds good for its time. The concept of giving the
women rights and protecting children already existed. To
the Filipino society it is seen something attractive to its
new members. They who were tired of the corrupt and
unequal treatment of Spaniards towards the Filipinos that
time.
Context
• For its purpose, although not all of those who joined the
Katipunan had faithfully followed. We can observe that it
helped in forming the very society that Filipino. The ideals
in which the Kartilya wishes to instill are similar to the
values which the present generation wishes to inculcate
to the younger generations.
Context
• Despite that the Code-of-Ethics of the Katipunan is
outdated if it were to be compared to contemporary laws
and works we have. It helped shaped a society, a country
and people that wishes to be freed from the yokes of
tyranny. With it ideals of the birth of a nation was made
possible.