Introduction to

Fermentation Technology
Courtesy of
Prof. Dipl. Ing. W. Storhas

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Definisi

 Teknologi fermentasi adalah proses yang menghasilkan

produk oleh kultur massa mikroorganisme.
 Dari aspek biokimia: proses yang menghasilkan di mana
senyawa organik bertindak baik sebagai donor elektron
maupun akseptor elektron terakhir.

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Applications of Fermentation Technology

Medicine Environment

Chemistry Agriculture
Intermediate Renewable
Products Material

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Ferm-Tech STO 04/10

History

sterile
Bioreactors, modern development
sterile, safety requirements
Down Stream Processing
unsterile
Fermenting vessel,
unsterile rec. h-Proteins
Fermenting vessel Destillation equipment. Antibodies
unsterile Hormons
Sera
Vitamin C Cortison
Yeast for feed Penicillin
Yeast for beaker Glutamat
beer, wine, acetic acid spirit of wine Lactic acid Cephalosporin

year Pasteur
6000 ago 1000 ago (255 ago) 100 ago to day

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An Example of classic Biotechnology: Brewery

Fermenting
Vessel

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Fermentasi bir

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Industrial Product Groups I

Basic Chemicals/New Materials: Acids:

Ethanol, biodegradable Plastics Preservatives, fast strengthening,
L-lactic-acid, acetic acid,
gluconic acid

Natural Substances: Nutrition/Food/Drinks:

Flavours (fruits, cheese, ...) Beer, Wine, Acetate, Kombucha, Milk products
(Yoghurt, Kefir)

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Industrial Product Groups II

Vitamins:
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2),
Cobalamine (Vitamin B12)

Amino acids:
L-Lysine, L-Glutamate acid, L-Isoleucin,
L-Metheonine, L-Asparganis acid, L-Alanin, L-Valin,
L-Phenyalanine, L-Troyptophane

Biopolymers/Catalysts: Biomass/Proteins:
Xanthane, Glucane, Dextrane, Baker Yeast, Albomen, Enzymes
Immobilised Enzymes (Invertase) Single Cell Protein (SCP)

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Product Groups III: GMO in/for Bio Food

Milk industry:
avoiding phagen, infections (contaminations)

Baker industry:
yeast with continuous CO2-production --> safes time

Breweries:
Preservatives, fast strengthening, L-lactic-acid, acetic acid,
gluconic acid, increasing of yield by consuming polysaccharides,
direct production of light-beer, stabile foam formation

Butcher industry:
starter cultures, bacteriocine from lactic acetic bacteria,
protection for early perish

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Market Price-Capacity-Turn Over

Bulk ware, basic chemicals - e.g. Ethanol
about Rp. 10,000 per kg ($ 1.00); > 100,000 tons per year
Rp. 1,000,000,000,000.- per year ($ 100,000,000.-)

Fine chemicals, Vitamins - e.g. Riboflavin

about Rp. 1,000,000 per kg ($ 100.00); 1,000 tons per year
Rp. 1,000,000,000,000.- per year ($ 100,000,000.-)

Speciality, highly specific - e.g. Tumor Necrosis Factor

about Rp. 1,500,000,000 per Gram ($ 150,000); 1 kg/year
Rp. 1,500,000,000,000.- per year ($ 150,000,000.-)

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Where can we get the strains from?

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Sources for suitable micro organisms - strains!

soil samples water samples strain collection

Biotobic source
desired cells live naturally
e.g. Economic potential!??!
Lacto bacillus for
D-/L-Lactic acid - milk

mesophilic - thermophilic - halophilic

< 25 ° C > 60 ° C high salt concentration
Mannheim University
of applied Sciences
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Where do the strains come from? How can we get the

production strains?

mixed culture 2 selection 3 separation

I like
I don´t Glucose
like very
Lactose much

4 mono 5 identification 6 stock

culture

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Screening (traditional)

mutation selection

Irradiation (ray treatment),

Mutagenic Substances
Reaction rate
Check: Better economy
Product quality

Choice of the best (from 1000 candidates!!!

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Screening (modern)

Molecular Genetic modified

microbiology micro-organisms (GMO)

Restriction enzymes, ligase

cut pattern adhesive - paste

Reaction rate
Check: Better economy
Product quality

Choice of the best (from a few candidates!!!

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Bacteria cell Animal cell Plant cell

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Example
classic:
Mold:
Ashbya
gossypii,
early

Riboflavin

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Example
classic:

Mold:
Ashbya
gossypii,
late

Riboflavin

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Example
classic:

Mold:
Ashbya
gossypii,
late

Riboflavin

Mannheim University
of applied Sciences
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Example
modern
using:

DNA structure

base sequences

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The desired DNA fragment

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thiamine

Cut with restriction enzymes

Plasmid
open

separated
fragments

Plasmid closed Plasmid new Plasmid for transfer

combined

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Example
modern:

Escherichia coli

TNF

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