CHAPTER 1

Introduction and Background of

the Study
INTRODUCTION
 You give the context in terms of content of the research project.
 Presents a general statement and support about the the study.
 Effective introduction shows the actual scenario related to the
problem it focus.

 It discusses four (4) relevant ideas:

 TOPIC or subject matter
 IMPORTAMCE of the topic
 REASONS for choosing the topic
 PURPOSE of the study
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
 Consist of statements on what led the researchers to
launh a study.
 Described as clearly as possible the problem intended to
be addressed and refer to the relevant literature in the
field.
 It is an overview of the factors which have led to the
problem, compromise the problem and historical
significance relative to the problem.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
 There should be a general statement of the whole
problem followed by the specific questions or sub-
problems into which the general problem is broken
up.
 The problem must be reflected to your title or the
readers must know your problem by just simply
reading your topic.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 This is the foundation of a research study. These are
highly related theories and principles that were
established and proven by authorities.
 It refers to the set of interrelated construct,
definitions, and prepositions that presents a
systematic view of phenomena. An organized body
that explains what has been done and what has been
said on the topic or problem being investigated.
 What must be obtained from a theory?

 The name/s of author/sof the theory must be taken

including the place and the time/year when he or she
postulated such a principle or generalization.
 The part of the theory that are relevant to your study

 Synthesis by relating to your findings.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 It becomes the focus of the study.
 A tentative explanation or theoretical explanation of
the phenomenon or proclem and serves as the basis
for the formulation research hypotheses.
 Consists of the researcher’s own position on a
problem after his exposure to various theories that
have bearing on the problem.
 Paradigm. It is a diagrammatic reoresentation of a
conceptual framework.
HYPOTHESIS

 it is a statement of expectation that will be tested by

the research.
 From the observation before the research is conducred.
This is called inductive hypothesis.
 Froem the theory. This is called deductive hypothesis.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
 The scope is mainly the coverage of your study and
the limitation is the limitation of your study or topic.
 It describes the extent of the study
 Acrual place where the study will only be conducted
 Duration of the conduct of the study
 Limit of the nmber of respondents
 Area limit (if applicable)
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 The significance of the study will mainly focus on the

question “Who will benefit from the study?”
 This section will state the contribution of your study
and the usefulness of your study in the society.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Only terms, words, or phrases which have special or
unique meanings in the study are defined.
 Terms should be defined operationally, that is how
they are used in the study.
 The researcher may develop his own definition from
the characteristics of the term defined.
 Definitions may be taken from encyclopedis, books,
magazines, dictionaries,and other publications but
the researcher must acknowledge his sources.
 Should be brief, clear, and unequivocal.

 Acronyms should always be spelled out fully.