Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
By : Rajib Nag
Date: 30.11.2010
The information contained in this presentation is the confidential and proprietary property of Foster Wheeler Bengal Private Ltd.
and may not be used, copied, or reproduced in any manner without express written permission. The information is provided for
discussion purposes only. FWB makes no representation or warranty for the accuracy of the information, and reserves the right
to modify at any time, in whole or in part, based upon needs or objectives.
Agenda
Overview
Field wiring and Installation
Control in the field device
Selecting Field Devices
Summary
What is Fieldbus?
Definition
A digital, two-way, multi-drop communication link among
intelligent field devices and automation systems.
Fieldbus
P
T
DCS
L
(Host)
4 - 20 mA 4 -20 mA 4 -20 mA
Information
A Plant with Fieldbus
Operator Interface
Information
Interoperable devices
Number of devices per segment
I (mA)
17.5 18 mA (approx.)
V = 50 x 18 = 900 mV (approx.)
V (mV)
900 mV (approx.)
Signal Encoding
Fieldbus signals are encoded using the well-known Manchester Biphase-L
technique. The signal is called “synchronous serial” because the clock
information is embedded in the serial data stream. Data is combined with the
clock signal to create the Fieldbus signal as shown in the figure below. The
receiver of the Fieldbus signal as shown in the figure below. The receiver of
the Fieldbus signal interprets a positive transition in the middle of a bit time as
a logical “0” and a negative transition as a logical “1” .
-T/2 +T/2
1 Bit Time
Clock
1
Data 0
Manchester 1 0 1 1 0 0
Biphase-L
Encoding
Fieldbus Technology
SESSION LAYER 5
TRANSPORT LAYER 4
NETWORK LAYER 3
FIELDBUS MESSAGING
SPECIFICATION
FIELDBUS ACCESS
SUBLAYER
COMMUNICATION
STACK
.
Fieldbus Technology
• Client/server
The Client/Server VCR Type is used for queued, unscheduled, user initiated,
one to one, communication between devices on the Fieldbus. This is used for
operator initiated requests such as set point changes, tuning parameter access
and change, alarm acknowledge, and device upload and download.
• Source/sink
The Client/Server VCR Type is used for queued, unscheduled, user initiated one
to many, communication between devices on the Fieldbus. This is typically used by
Fieldbus devices to send alarm notifications to the operator consoles.
• Publisher/ Subscriber
The Publisher/Subscriber VCR Type is used for buffered, one to many
communications. The Publisher/Subscriber VCR Type is used by the field
devices for cyclic, scheduled, publishing of User Application function block
input and outputs such as process variable (PV) and primary output (OUT) on the
Fieldbus.
Fieldbus Message Specification (FMS)
Fieldbus Message Specification (FMS) services allow user applications to send
messages to each other across the Fieldbus using a standard set of message
formats
Fieldbus Technology
User Application
The Fieldbus Foundation has defined a standard User Application based on
“Blocks.” Blocks are representations of different types of application functions.
• Resource Block
The Resource Block describes characteristics of the Fieldbus device such as
the device name, manufacturer, and serial number. There is only one resource
block in a device.
• Transducer Block
Transducer Blocks decouple Function Blocks from the local input/output
functions required to read sensors and command output hardware. They
contain information such as calibration date and sensor type. There is usually
one transducer block for each input or output function block.
• Function Block
Function Blocks (FB) provide the control system behavior or control function
like AI, AO and PID etc
Fieldbus Technology
Communication Communication
Stack Stack
Fieldbus
Fieldbus basic Benefits - I
Physical
• Allow multi-dropping of
instruments
• Reduced wiring and installation
costs X
• Enables Multivariable
transmitters
• Reduced control room size
• Simplify installation
• Reduce number of drawings
• Simplify maintenance
X
Fieldbus Benefits - II
Functional
• Direct reading of variables in
Engineering Units
• Every reading contain information
on measurement health
• Remote access to device
calibration and diagnostics
• Control in the field
• Advanced diagnostics
• Easier maintenance
• Better plant performance
throughout its life
• Better immune to electromagnetic
interference
Fieldbus enables Multi-sensor applications
Process In
Fieldbus H1 - two wires
1 14 15 16
Catalyst Tube
1
2
3 Cooling
Fluid In
4
5
6
7 Cooling
Fluid Out
8
Up to 24
wires ! Process Out
Chemical Reactors
Electromagnetic Interference
DCS I/O
4-20 mA
HART
T/C
FF
Transients
Multi-Input
Capacitive Transmitter
(Fieldbus)
Coupled
All Cables with Shielded, Twisted
Pairs, Grounded at the DCS Noise per
4-20 mA
IEC Standards
(Light Industry)
Single-Input
mV Transmitter
(HART)
Electromagnetic Single-Input
Interference Radio Frequency Transmitter
Interference (4-20mA)
Thermocouple
Wired Direct
Electromagnetic Susceptibility Test Comparison
Conventional
Conventional
Courtesy:
Courtesy:Cargill
CargillCorporation
Corporation
Fieldbus
Fieldbus
Courtesy:
Courtesy:Cargill
CargillCorporation
Corporation
Conventional
Conventional
256
256 I/O
I/O
Fieldbus
Fieldbus
4,000
4,000
Fieldbus
Fieldbus ‘I/O’
‘I/O’
Agenda
Overview
Field wiring and Installation
Control in the field device
Selecting Field Devices
Summary
Segment Calculation
Fieldbus Supports Multiple Topologies
Bus Topology
T1
H1 PS T T
S1 S2 S3 Sn
VPC
T V1 V2 V3 Vn
Power
Supply
Power
For VPS Iq1 Iq2 Iq3 Iqn T
Conditioner
Multiple
Segments
Maximum Voltage : 32 V
Minimum Voltage : 9 V
170
Available bus current
excluding voltage drop
Current (mA)
= 10mA
Intrinsic Safety - Conventional Approach (Entity Model)
170
Bus Load Line
Including 1900m of Cable
Current (mA)
(105 Ω + 84 Ω )
85
47
• The Calculation.
• Current available =
Tx Minimum Lift
MTL5053 = 18V off voltage
1900m = 84 Ω
MTL5053 = 105 Ohms
The Main Issue
What types of Wire
Max
Type Description Size
Length
#18 AWG 1900 m
A Shielded , Twisted Pair
(.8 mm 2) (6232 ft.)
Multiple-Twisted-Pair with #22 AWG 1200 m
B Shield (.32 mm 2) (3963 ft.)
Multi-Twisted-Pair Without #26 AWG 400 m
C Shield (.13 mm 2) (1312 ft.)
Multi-core, w/o Twisted Pairs #16 AWG 200 m
D and Having Overall Shield (1.25 mm 2
) (656 ft.)
Intrinsic Safety - FISCO Concept
Intrinsic Safety - FISCO Concept
FISCO Requirement
Current 110mA
Intrinsic Safety - FISCO Concept
•
107mA
8742C X2 = 34mA
• 12mA
• Communication
Current Required
• 10mA X1 = 12mA
= 10mA
Intrinsic Safety - FNICO Concept
Overview
Field wiring and Installation
Control in the field device
Selecting Field Devices
Summary
An installation with Fieldbus: Control in the Controller
6 - Backplane
5 – H1 Card
H1
PS C
4 – Fieldbus
Power Supply
8 – Controller
Power Supply PS
7 - Controller
3 - Cable
TM
1 - Transmitter 2 - Valve
An installation with Fieldbus: Control in the Field
H1
PS C
4 – Fieldbus
Power Supply
PS
3 - Cable
1 - Transmitter 2 - Valve
Basic FF Function Blocks
C o m p a r i s o n o f C o n t r o l i n D e l t a V a n d 3 0 5 1S F i e l d b u s T r a n s m i t t e r
( + /- 5 % L o a d D i s t u r b n a c e s a t 0 . 0 1 H z )
10 0
Control in 9 9 .5
DCS 99
Control in 9 8 .5
the field 98
9 7 .5
400 425 450 475 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 7 25
T im e
(s e c )
Agenda
Overview
Field wiring and Installation
Control in the field device
Selecting Field Devices
Summary
Selecting Field Devices
For FF devices the required information should include but not limited to
the following:
• FF certification for passing the Interoperability Test Kit (ITK). Latest version is 6.0
• Hazardous area certification
• Function block requirements.
• Minimum power required.
• Device current draw (mA).
• Device in-rush current (mA).
• Device (lift off) minimum voltage.
• Block execution time.
• Polarity sensitivity.
• Link active scheduler (LAS) capability.
• Diagnostic requirements.
• Virtual communication relationships (VCRs).
• Device capacitance.
• Software revisions
Selecting Field Devices
Freedom of Choice !
TM
3244
Temperature
Fuji
3051
Pressure
8800
Vortex
Model 5300
Coriolis Transmitter
Interoperability between Field Devices and Hosts
3244
Temperature
3051
Pressure
8800
Vortex
Model 5300
Coriolis Transmitter
Full Scale Fieldbus Architecture
Host Device
Web Browser
Firewall
HSE Controllers
PLC HSE Field
Device
Field Mounted
Linking Device
Classic & HART I/O Fieldbus H1
H
1
H As-I/DeviceNet/DP
1
H1 Field Device
Summary
A variety of applications may be implemented using the
function block capability of FF devices.
Special attention should be paid to the unique
requirements of Fieldbus systems during design,
installation and checkout.
Fieldbus brings dramatic savings in installation and
commissioning, but the real value is seen during plant
operation
Foundation Fieldbus Overview
Thank You