Kantian (DUTY-BASED ETHICS)

Immanuel Kant
Group 4

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Immanuel Kant
Biography
Biography of Kant
A Prussian-German Philosopher existed
1 in the Age of Enlightenment.

Born on the 22nd of April 1724

2

3 Died: February 12, 1804

Parents: Johann Kant (Harness Maker)

4 and Anna Regina Kant

Has high interest in natural science,

5 philosophy and mathematics.
Biography of Kant
His philosophy continues to have a major
influence on contemporary philosophy most
6 especially in the fields of political theories and
ethics.

Presented early view of aspects of reason in a

7 book entitled "Fundamental Principles of
Metaphysic of Morals"

Complicated his third critique entitled "The

8 Critique of Judgment"
Duty-Based Ethics
 Duty-Based Ethics
Immanuel Kant

Deontological Ethics
the term deontology comes
from the Greek deon, “duty,”
Explains that action should be
be
and logos, “science.” based on whether the action is right or
wrong under a series of rules.
Human Values “The actions in deontology are always
It talks about the concept judged independently of their outcome. An
of moral philosophy which act
it focuses on the study of can be morally bad but may unintentionally
the human values. lead to a favorable outcome,”
.
Kant believes that the emotions of humans
Right and Wrong
This can be used on
and the consequences of it should play no
deciding on doing right and role in moral action that’s why before doing
wrong and what choice an action it must be well thought out.
people on pursuing and
ignoring these values.
 Duty-Based Ethics
- To guide and prevent certain actions, personal intentions and desires morality should provide
- people a framework of rational rules that can help them.

According to Kant, the moral worth of an

action is determined by the human will, which
is the only thing in the world that can be
considered good without qualification.

If duty is our key element in our decision

to
act, then we have acted rightly. However
doing right is different from doing good.

Kant then pondered what this meant for human conduct. He concluded that only an action
done for 'a good will' was a right action, regardless of the consequences .
But what sort of action would this be? Kant taught that an
action could only count as the action of a good will if it satisfied the test
of the Categorical Imperative.

Kant formulated the said Categorical Imperative in three different ways:

1. Universal Moral Law

2. Treat people as ends
3. Kingdom of ends
Imperative
- is an order or command.

It is divided into two types:

It is divided into two types:
• Historical
Imperative
• Categorical
Imperative
Historical Imperative

- is an order that you

must follow to achieve
some of your goals or
desires.
Categorical Imperative

- Is an imperative that
describes what we are
required to do independently
of what we desire or prefer.
 Insert Your Image

Kant explains which we call The Big

Categorical Imperative. This term is one that
dictates all of the rules you will live by. It has
several formulations but to suffice our
needs let us use this one:
Act only upon that maxim by which you can, at the same time,
will that your maxim should become a universal law.

Kant explains that the only thing good in itself is the

“Good will.” Therefore, doing something because you think
is good doesn’t make the act good. It all matters on the
attitude you have towards it. This brings up the issue Kant
has with inclination.
• Furthermore, according to him doing something
out of good will means doing it strictly for the
sake of duty. Meaning, you do the right thing
because it is your “job” to do so.
• Kantian Ethics is straight to the point duty
inspired. There is no other emotion that should
be felt other than “I must do this because it is
my duty.”
 Thank you
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