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V ñ them :
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and first President of the
Republic of Turkey
V Council of
europe
V NATO
V OECD
V OSCE
V G-20
V Turkey began full membership
negotiations with the European Union in
2005
V having been an associate member of
the EEC since 1963
V and having reached a customs union
agreement in 1995. Meanwhile, as a
Muslim-majority country
V The name of Turkey,
in the Turkish language, can be
divided into two words: , which means "Strong" in Old Turkic
and usually signifying the inhabitants of Turkey or a member of
the Turkish or Turkic peoples,
V a later form of Ñ
Ñ, a name given by the Chinese to the
people living south of the Altay Mountains of Central Asia as
early as 177 BCE;
V and the abstract suffix
[derived from the Arabic suffix
,
V which means "owner" or "related to". The first recorded use of the
term "Türk" or "Türük" as an autonym is contained in the Orkhon
inscriptions of the Göktürks [ ) of Central Asia [c. 8th
century CE). The English word "Turkey" is derived from the
Medieval Latin Ñ
Ñ [c. 1369).
V The Grand Chamber of
the Grand National
Assembly of Turkey in
Ankara
V Turkey is a parliamentary
representative
democracy. Since its
foundation as a republic in
1923,
V Turkey has developed a
strong tradition of
secularism.Turkey's
constitutiongoverns the
legal framework of the
country.
V It sets out the main
principles of government
and establishes Turkey as a
unitary centralized state.
V The head of state is the President of the
Republic and has a largely ceremonial role.
National holiday:
Republic Day, 29
October [1923)
Constitution: 7
November 1982
Turkey is a founding member of the United
Nations(1945),
the OECD(1961),
the OIC(1969),
the OSCE(1973),
the ECO(1985),
the BSEC (1992) a
nd the G-20 major economies(1999).
On October 17, 2008,
Turkey received the votes of 151 countries
and was elected as a non-permanent member
of the United Nations Security Council, on
behalf of the Western European and Others
Group, together with Austria which received
132 votes.Turkey's membership of the council
effectively began on January 1, 2009.
Turkey had previously been a member of the
U.N. Security Council in 1951-1952, 1954-
1955 and 1961.
The Turkish Armed Forcesconsists of the Army, the Navyand the Air Force.
The Gendarmerie and the Coast Guardoperate as parts of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs in peacetime, although they are subordinated to the Army and Navy
Commands respectively in wartime, during which they have both internal law
enforcement and military functions.
The Turkish Armed Forces is the second largest standing armed forcein NATO after
the U.S. Armed Forces with a combined strength of 1,043,550 uniformed personnel
serving in its five branches.Every fit male Turkish citizen otherwise not barred is
required to serve in the military for a time period ranging from three weeks to
fifteen months, dependent on education and job location.
Turkey does not recognise conscientious objection and does not offer a civilian
alternative to military service.
V Bosphorus Bridge in
Istanbul, connecting
Europe [left) and Asia
[right)
V Turkey is a transcontinental
Eurasian country.
V Asian Turkey [made up
largely of Anatolia, which
includes 97% of the country,
is separated from European
Turkey by the Bosporus, the
Sea of Marmara, and the
Dardanelles [which
together form a water link
between the Black Sea and
the Mediterranean.
European Turkey [eastern
Thrace or Rumelia in the
Balkan peninsula) includes
3% of the country.
V Turkey's area, inclusive of lakes, occupies
783,562 square kilometres [300,948 sq mi),
of which 755,688 square kilometres
[291,773 sq mi) are in Southwest Asia and
23,764 square kilometres [9,174 sq mi) in
Europe.
V Turkey is
encircled by
seas on three
sides: the
Aegean Sea to
the west, the
Black Sea to
the north and
the
Mediterranean
Sea to the
south.
V Turkey also
contains the
Sea of
Marmara in the
northwest.
V Istanbul is the only city in
the world located on two
continents, Europe and
Asia. In its thousands of
years of history, it has been
the capital of three great
empires - Roman,
Byzantine and Ottoman.
´ Bosphorus is a natural strait connecting the
Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, thus being a
very strategic waterway.
´ It was a river in the valley during the Tertiary
period of the continents, which was drowned by
the sea at the end of this period
´ . It's length is 32 kilometers [20 miles) in the north
to south direction, width varies between 730-
3300 meters [800-3600 yards), and depth is
between 30-120
V rocatio : southeastern Europe and
southwestern Asia [that portion of Turkey
west of the Bosporus is geographically
part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea,
between Bulgaria and Georgia, and
bordering the Aegean Sea and the
Mediterranean Sea, between Greece
and Syria
xeographic coordi ates: 39 00 N, 35 00 E
Map refere ces: Middle East
V Maritime
claims:
V territorial sea: 6
nm in the
Aegean Sea;
12 nm in Black
Sea and in
Mediterranean
Sea exclusive
economic
zone: in Black
Sea only: to the
maritime
boundary
agreed upon
with the former
USSR
V errai : high central plateau [Anatolia); narrow
coastal plain; several mountain ranges
V ëlevatio extremes:
V rade:
V Note:
V on 1 January 2005 the old Turkish Lira [TRL)was converted
to New Turkish Lira [ TL) at a rate of 1,000,000 old to 1 New
Turkish Lira
V
revent financial district in Istanbul
V Organized marketplace in which
stocks, Common Stock Equivalents
and bonds are traded by members of
the exchange, acting both as agents
[brokers) and as principals [dealers or
traders).
V In
terms of capital flows, Turkey is far
more open many European countries.
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