Coronavirus

COVID-19
 CORONAVIRUS / COVID-19
Coronavirus (CoV) are a large family of
viruses that cause illness ranging from
the common cold to more severe
diseases such as Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV).
COVID-19, on the other
hand, is an infectious
disease caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome
Coronavirus 2.
 What is Coronavirus?
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses. They are zoonotic in nature;
hence they can easily transmit between animals and people. Almost
every case of coronavirus infection took place after a human came in
close encounter with a wild animal. The encounter included living in an
enclosed environment or consuming the meat of the animal
 COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 or popularly known as
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2).

“A research team said COVID-19 may originate in bats.

The genome sequencing of the novel coronavirus is as
high as 96 percent identical with a type of coronavirus
from bats, the team said, adding that the new coronavirus
enters the receptor using the same cells with SARS virus.
 SYMPTOMS
• Respiratory symptoms
• Fever and cough
• Shortness of breath and breathing difficulties

IN AN EXTREME CASE
• Pneumonia
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome
• Kidney failure
• Death
 COVID-19 INFECTION
• The infection is spread from one person to others via
respiratory droplets produced from the airways, often during
coughing or sneezing.
• Time from exposure to onset of symptoms is generally
between 2 and 14 days, with an average of 5 days.
• The standard method of diagnosis is by reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal
swab or sputum sample, with results within a few hours to 2
days. Antibody assays can also be used, using a blood serum
sample, with results within a few days.
• The infection can also be diagnosed from a combination of
symptoms, risk factors, and a chest CT scan showing features
of pneumonia.
 Difference between COVID-19 and other
Corona Viruses
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
coronavirus causes SARS and the Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus
causes MERS.
The novel coronavirus, COVID-19 is one of seven
types of known human coronaviruses. COVID-19,
like the MERS and SARS coronaviruses, likely
evolved from a virus previously found in animals.
 Preventive Measures
• Wash your hands frequently
To keep yourself and others from COVID-19 is by thoroughly cleaning your
hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water.
Washing your hand prevents easy transmission of the infection.
• Maintain social distancing
Maintain at least 1 meter (3 feet) distance between yourself and anyone
who is coughing or sneezing. Sneezing or coughing often sprays small liquid
droplets that may contain the virus. It’s easy to get someone infected
through droplets.
• Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth
Most infections occur when a person incessantly touches their nose,
mouth, and eyes. This is an easy way to pick up virus. Once contaminated,
hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth.
• Practice respiratory hygiene
Make sure to cover your mouth or nose when sneezing or coughing.
Use disposable tissue whenever you can.

• Seek medical care early

Stay home or indoors if you have a fever, cough and difficulty
breathing, seek medical attention and call in advance. This will
protect you and help prevent spread of viruses and other infections.

• Stay informed
Stay informed on the latest developments about COVID-19. Follow
advice given by your healthcare provider, your national and local
public health authority or your employer on how to protect yourself
and others from COVID-19.
 Infected with COVID-19
• Stay Indoor
You should restrict activities outside your home, except for getting medical care.
Avoid going to public places or any other enclosed areas such as office, public
transport, cinema hall, and schools.

• Isolate Yourself
Avoid any form of contact with another person like touching, staying close, or using
a same bathroom. You should restrict contact with pets and other animals while
you are sick with COVID-19, just like you would around other people.

• Call ahead before visiting your doctor

If you have a medical appointment, call the healthcare provider and tell them that
you have or may have COVID-19. This will help the healthcare provider’s office take
steps to keep other people from getting infected or exposed.
• Wear a facemask
Always wear a facemask to prevent the virus from reaching to other person or the
surroundings. You should wear a facemask when you are around other people.
• Keep your hands clean
Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after blowing your
nose, coughing, or sneezing; going to the bathroom; and before eating or preparing food.
You can use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol if you’re out of reach
of soap and water.
• Avoid sharing personal household items
The virus can stay on the surface of metal for hours. Stop sharing dishes, drinking glasses,
cups, eating utensils, towels, or bedding with other people or pets in your home.
• Clean all “high-touch” surfaces everyday
High touch surfaces include counters, tabletops, doorknobs, bathroom fixtures, toilets,
phones, keyboards, tablets, and bedside tables should be cleaned from any dirt, soil, or
liquid.
• Monitor your symptoms
To keep yourself and other from any serious infection, seek prompt medical attention.
Persons who are placed under active monitoring or facilitated self-monitoring should
follow instructions provided by their local health department or occupational health
professionals, as appropriate.
 Updates on COVID-19 Globally
The cases of COVID-19 infections around the world are as
follows:

Coronavirus Cases
98,422
Deaths
3,386
Recovered
55,634

Searchable Design
 Total
Country Total Cases New Cases Deaths New Deaths Active Cases Total Recovered Serious, Critical

China 80,552 143 3,042 30 23,753 53,757 5,737

S. Korea 6,284 40 6,109 135 52

Italy 3,858 148 3,296 414 351

Iran 3,513 108 2,666 739

Diamond Princess 696 6 478 212 35

Germany 545 528 17 2

France 423 7 404 12 23

Japan 364 6 315 43 29

Spain 282 3 276 3 7

USA 226 5 13 1 204 9 8

Switzerland 120 1 116 3

Singapore 117 36 81 7

UK 116 1 97 18

Hong Kong 105 2 66 37 6

Sweden 94 93 1

Norway 91 91

Netherlands 82 82 1

Australia 60 2 36 22 1

Kuwait 58 58
 Updates on COVID-19 in Nepal

Until now, Nepal stands in the list of least

affected countries globally with just one
confirmed case. It was found in in one Nepali
student who landed Nepal on 5th January from
Wuhan and has been already recovered.