EXCEPTIONAL

DEVELOPMENT
Exceptional Development
This commonly refer to learners with exceptionalities
as persons who are different in some way from the
“normal” or “average”. The term “exceptional
learners” includes those with special needs related
to cognitive abilities, behaviour, social functioning,
physical and sensory impairments, emotional
disturbances, and giftedness.
 Learning
Mental Disabilitie
Retardatio s
n Language
Problems

Attention
Deficit
Hyperactivity
Exceptionalities
Disorder
Sensory
Impairments

Cerebral
Autism Palsy
 Disability vs. Handicap
Disability
• a disability is a measurable impairment or limitation
that “interferes with a person’s ability, for example to
walk, lift, hear, or learn.
• It may refer to a physical, sensory, or mental condition.

Handicap
• A disadvantage that occurs as a result of a disability or
impairment. The degree of disadvantage (or the extent
of the handicap) is often dependent on the adjustment
made by both the person and his environment.
 Mental Retardation
• Refers to significant sub-average intelligence and deficits
in adaptive behaviour. There is difficulty in managing
activities of daily living and in conducting themselves
appropriately in social situations.
a. Mild Retardation – IQ scores 55 to 69, adult capacity 8-11 years
old;
b. Moderate Retardation – IQ scores 40-54; adult capacity 5-7 years
old;
c. Severe Retardation - IQ scores 25-39; adult capacity 3-5 years old;
d. Profound retardation – IQ scores below 25; adult capacity, less
than 3 years old
 Learning Difficulties
Involve difficulties in specific cognitive
processes like perception, language,
memory, or metacognition that are not
due to other disabilities like mental
retardation, emotional or behavioural
disorders, or sensory impairments.
– Dyslexia
– Dysgraphia
– Dyscalculia
 Language Problems
• language delays or language disorders
• diagnosed when a child’s speech, verbal
expression, and/or understanding of language
are significantly less well developed for his
age.
 Sensory Impairments

• Visual Impairment – conditions when there is

malfunction of the eyes or optic nerves that
prevent normal vision even with corrective
lenses.
• Hearing impairment – occurs when some part
of the hearing apparatus malfunction with
resulting hearing loss and possible impairment
or loss of the ability to speak.
 Cerebral Palsy

• Refers to various disorders of

movement and posture that are
due to damage/ abnormality of the
immature brain.
 Autism
• A condition manifested by different levels
of impaired social interaction and
communication, repetitive behaviours and
limited interests. Individuals with autism
usually have an intense need for routine
and a predictable environment.
 ADD/ADHD
• Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are
neurochemical disorders that interfere
with attention.
 Giftedness
• Children who have special
ability in art or music,
mechanical ingenuity, or
leadership qualities.
SUPERIOR – 120 to 125 IQ
GIFTED – 135 or 150 IQ and above
EXTREMELY GIFTED – 170 to 180 IQ and above