PULLEYS

Introduction
 In every machine or toy, we use power to
operate and perform its function. This power
is obtained mostly by the motor, run on
electricity or battery. To transfer the power
from the motor to the operational part of the
machine, we use a combination of pulleys
and belt (flexible connector). Pulleys are
used in very small sizes to be fitted in wrist
watches and tape recorders, as well as quite
big in size as in ships.
Introduction
 The pulley used, with the motor shaft is called
driver and with machine shaft is called driven.
The size of driver and driven pulleys define
the ratio of speed transferred as reduced or
increased. If both the driver and driven pulley
are of same diameter then the speed of the
shaft / spindle will be same, if driver is of
small diameter with respect to driven then the
speed will be reduced at operating shaft and
vice versa.
TYPES OF PULLEYS
PARTS OF A PULLEY
FLAT BELT DRIVE
V-BELT DRIVE
FLAT BELT (SOLID C.I.) PULLEY
FLAT BELT (SOLID C.I.) PULLEY
DETAILS OF A SOLID CAST IRON PULLEY
SOLID C.I. PULLEY
V- BELT PULLEY
SINGLE GROOVE V-BELT PULLEY
V - BELT PULLEY
SINGLE GROOVE V - BELT PULLEY
KEYS
INTRODUCTION
 Keys, cotters and pin joints discussed in this
chapter are some examples of removable
(temporary) fasteners. Assembly and removal
of these joints are easy as they are simple in
shape. The standard proportions of these
joints are given in the figures.
KEYS
 Keys are machine elements used to prevent relative
rotational movement between a shaft and the parts
mounted on it, such as pulleys, gears, wheels, couplings,
etc. Figure 6.1 shows the parts of a keyed joint and its
assembly.
 For making the joint, grooves or keyways are cut on the
surface of the shaft and in the hub of the part to be
mounted. After positioning the part on the shaft such
that, both the keyways are properly aligned, the key is
driven from the end, resulting in a firm joint.
Figure 6.1. Keys
CHAINS and GEARS
Roller chain
Roller chain dimensions
Sprockets
Gears
 Gears are machine elements, which are used
for power transmission between shafts,
separated by small distance.
Types of gears
Gear nomenclature
Spur gears
 Gears with pitch circle diameters less than 10 cm are
produced from solid blanks, with uniform thickness.
When pitch circle diameters lie between 10 to 25 cms,
gears are produced with a web connecting the hub and
rim. The web thickness (Tw) may be taken as equal to
the circular pitch of the gear. Still larger gears are
produced with arms; the number being dependent upon
the pitch circle diameter. The rim thickness Tr, i.e., the
thickness of the metal under the teeth may be taken as
equal to the depth of the tooth.
Spur gear
Spur gearing
Helical gear and helical gearing
Bevel gear
Bevel gearing
Worm and worm gear
Worm gearing