Research on building energy

management in HVAC control

system for University Library
 INTRODUCTION
•Buildings account for a large portion of •The technology of building energy
energy consumption and carbon dioxide management system (BEMS) is getting
emission. The proportion of campus energy sophisticated with time enabling better
consumption in universities has reached 8% control over energy consumption and
of the total energy consumption in the reducing operational cost.
society.
•The library is one of the highest energy
consumption buildings on campus, which
accounts for 12% of the total energy
consumption in university. Since 60% of
total energy in library is consumed by
heating, ventilation and air-conditioning
(HVAC).
Distributed control Fieldbus control system
system (DCS) (FCS)
• To reduce system wiring
• Widely used as a mature
technology, but it had and provide easy system
difficulty for users to go maintenance.
to each device to check • A control network used in
and change its operating process control and
parameters. industrial automation.
Nomenclature
AO - automatic operation
FCS - fieldbus control system
AHU - air handing unit
FLN - floor level network
BEMS - building energy management
system
MBC - modular building controller
BLN - building level network
MEC - modular equipment controller
CT - cooling tower
MLN - management level network
DDC - direct digital control
MO - manual operation
DCS - distributed control system
PLC - programmable logic controller
EAF - exhaust air fan
RAD - return air duct
ECC - electric control cabinet
SAF - supply air fan
FAU - fresh air unit
VVVF - variable voltage and variable
frequency
BUILDING DESCRIPTION

- the return air is

extracted to the
- It ensures a atmosphere
constant flow of either used heat
Fresh air fresh clean air wheel or coils like
unit (FAU) and very well- heat exchanger
conditioned coil, pre-cooling
environment. coil and cooling
coil with pre-
filter.
Air handing unit
(AHU)

- is a component
that cools and
distribute the air
into the space
through a duct.
 Table 1. HVAC System in Xian university library
No. HVAC System Floor Service Area The max. of The max. of Machine
cooling load heat load in Room
in summer winter (kW)
(kW)

1 AHU G Hall & 139.74 156.73 G-Room #1

corridors
2 FAU G Offices 368.69 363.43 G-Room #3,
#5, #6
3 AHU 1ST Reading 571.31 441.21 1st-Room #1,
rooms #2, #3, #6
4 FAU 1ST Bookshop & 42.51 33.88 1st-Room #5
copy shop
5 AHU 2ND Multi- 856 674.19 2nd-Room #1,
function hall #3, #4, #5, #6
& reading
room
No. HVAC System Floor Service Area The max. of The max. of Machine
cooling load heat load in Room
in summer winter (kW)
(kW)
6 FAU 2ND Offices 76.42 64.57 2nd-Room #2

7 AHU 3RD Reading 833.83 536.21 3rd-Room #1,

rooms & #2, #3, #5,
meeting
rooms
8 FAU 3RD Offices & 125.44 11.92 3rd-Room #6
study room

9 AHU 4TH Storage 576.50 323.64 4th-Room #3,

rooms & #5, #6
exhibition
room
10 FAU 4TH Study room 95.51 94.04 4th-Room #2

11 AHU 5TH Storage 385.04 398.84 5th-Room #1,

SYSTEM
• Electrical automation has become an indispensable part of building
energy management system. The design of HVAC control system is
based on Fieldbus Control System (FCS) to realize remote automatic
adjustment of air conditioning system operation in university library.

3.1 Three-layer bus network architecture

First, floor level network(FLN) is the basic in APOGEE
system, which support the modular programmable controller,
extended module or terminal equipment controller. PXC1
represent direct digital controller for FAU system and PXC2
for AHU system.
Fig. 1 Library automatic control system diagram
 Fig. 2 Electrical schematic diagram of cooling water system

(a) cooling water

(b)Electrical control system
system
3.2 Optimal cooling water control system
 Fig. 3 Electronic device and program test

3.3 Energy consumption of HVAC system in summer

 Table 2 Energy consumption under different loads in summer
Cooling load >80 60<ϕ≤80 40<ϕ≤60 20<ϕ≤40 ≤20
rate (%)
Temperature
Temperature t>32
t>32 29<t32 26<t 23<t t23
(◦C)
(◦C)
Running time 116 168 193 218 293
Running
(h) time 116 168 193 218 293
(h)
No. of working 4 4 3 2 1
machines
No. of working 4 4 3 2 1
machines
Power of 120 120 90 60 30
cooling water
Power of
pump (kW) 120 120 90 60 30
cooling water
Power of
pump (kW) 30 30 22.5 15 7.5
cooling tower
(kW)
Power of 30 30 22.5 15 7.5
cooling
Energy tower 60,796 62,302 48,143 28,015 10,966
(kW)
consumption
in summer
Energy
(kWh) 60,796 62,302 48,143 28,015 10,966
consumption
in summer
(kWh)
 Energy consumption proportion in summer
26%

Misc. Equipment Pumps & Aux

Ventilation Fans Space Cooling

Area Lighting Task Lighting

13%

Heat Rejection Water Heating

39%
Exterior Usage Heat Pump Supp

15% Refrigeration Water Heating

7%

Total electrical consumption of HVAC system in library is analyzed from June to

September. The parameters for occupancy, lighting power and equipment power
are inputted into eQUEST. The simulated energy consumption from the calibrated
model is 538,556 kWh in summer and each part of energy consumption.
Traditional air conditioning system accounts for 40.6% of total building energy
consumption, but the energy consumption of this system has decreased to 35%
and frozen constitutes less than 38% of HVAC energy consumption owing to the
optimal HVAC automatic control system.
CONCLUSION
• Building energy management of HVAC control system has been carried
out in a university library.
• Improvement of occupant comfort, efficient operation of building
system, reduction in energy consumption & operating costs
• To realize the remote monitoring function of central station to each sub-
station through (MODBUS-TCP/IP & Ethernet/IP protocol).
• To show the function of optimal start/off control, emergency protection
and linkage control.
• To reduce energy consumption on campus.
 Presented by:
Saldaña, Romar A.
Cuevas, Jonathan Mari
Tanig, Harvey Brian
Villaroman, Jomari
Gomez, Joshua
Quiambao, Kelvin Gerome