19 - Distance Device Parameterization

SIPROTEC 4
7SA6 Distance Protection

Tutorial
Specialist Power System Protection

Gustav Steynberg
PTD PA13 Nuremberg
Phone: +49 911 433 7012
Fax: +49 911 433 8301
Email: Gustav.Steynberg@siemens.com
Info - 1
Distance protection PTD PA13/ Steynberg/ 11.01.01
Using the 7SA6 Device Manual and
SIPROTEC System Description
• The Table of Contents is useful to jump to the desired description
• Protection Information is in Chapter 2: FUNCTIONS
• In the table of contents all the chapters for the individual protection
functions are listed
• For each protection function there are the sections

Method of Operation (description of the function)
Setting Notes (information for each individual setting)
Settings (table of settings and information applying to this function)
• Extensive use is made of logic diagrams to explain the

individual protection functions
Info - 2
Practical Application Example for 7SA6
220 kV
100 km OHL
Z1 = 0,25 Ohm/km 85

Z0 = 0,8 Ohm/km 75
7SA6 IF Min = 2 kA (phase)
1&3 Pole trip IF Min = 0,5 kA (earth)
21 with Quadrilateral
Teleprotection - POTT
Info - 3
Configuration
First step is configuration - Functions that are disabled here will not appear later.
Refer to Manual - Chapter 2.1 General
Info - 4
Binary I/O
Refer to
System Description
Chapter 5
Relay PICKUP
Distance teleprotection send
Allocate the required

Trip L1
functions to the Trip L2
available binary Trip L3
inputs and outputs AR Close
The number of General supervision alarm

available binary
inputs and outputs
Relay alarm/live contact
depends on the
hardware version
Info - 5
Routing in DIGSI Matrix
Route the selected functions to the binary inputs and outputs in the matrix
Info - 6
Plant Data
220 kV
1200 / 1 220 kV / 0.1 kV Make a diagram
L1 of how the plant
L2 is connected to
L3 the relay
220 kV / 0.1 kV
L1 L2 L3
Info - 7
Set Power system data1 - Transformers
Make sure the entered settings match the plant data

Refer to Manual - Chapter 2.1 General
Info - 8
Power system data1 - Power system
Select the mode for zero sequence compensation: RE/RL and XE/XL or
K0 and angle K0 Refer to Manual - Chapter 2.1
Info - 9
Power system data 1 - Breaker
Enter closing time of breaker if sync check with async closing is used
Refer to Manual - Chapter 2.1
Info - 10
Setting Group A
Setting blocks for the functions enabled during configuration

are available in Setting Group A
(if setting group changeover is selected, also Group B, C and D)
Refer to Manual - Chapter 2.1
Info - 11
Setting Group A: Power System Data 2
Select entry of impedance in primary or secondary values.
CT and VT ratio may not change after entry with primary values
Separate setting
for Z1 and
remaining zones
Refer to Manual Incorrect entries may lead to wrong protection operation

Chapter 2.1 or incorrect measured value / fault location data
Info - 12
Calculation of residual compensation factors
Use the RE/RL and XE/XL or K0 and angle K0 setting (selected during configuration)
RE 1 R0 XE 1 X0
= - 1 = - 1
RL 3 R1 XL 3 X1
As only ratios are used either primary or secondary impedance may be used. The
values may apply to the whole line or be per unit length
R1 = 0,25 cos 85 = 0,022  R0 = 0,8 cos 75 = 0,207 

X1 = 0,25 sin 85 = 0,249  X0 = 0,8 sin 75 = 0,773 
RE/RL = 1/3 (0,207/0,022 - 1) XE/XL = 1/3 (0,773/0,249 - 1)

RE/RL = 2,80* XE/XL = 0,70
* Note that RE/RL setting increases earth fault reach in R direction. Recommend set < 2
In this example the same setting is used for Zone 1 and the other Zones
Info - 13
Setting Group A: Line Status
The line status (open/closed) is required by several functions
(e.g. E/F protection blocking during single pole open).
Current, voltage and

auxiliary contacts
may be used to
check the line status.
After line closure

special protection
functions may be
activated for a set
Time (SOTF)
Refer to Manual
Chapter 2.1 Release of manual close command may be subject to sync check
Info - 14
Setting Group A: Trip 1-/3-pole
The 3 pole coupling of a trip signal may be selected to with trip (e.g. simultaneous
earth fault on two parallel lines is tripped single pole) or to fault detection
(e.g. if the simultaneous fault on the parallel line can cause 3 pole coupling)
2 phase faults
without ground
may be tripped
single phase
This selection
is needed to
display all
setting options
Refer to Manual Chapter 2.1
Info - 15
Setting Group A: Distance protection, general settings
This is similar
to ON/OFF with
binary input
Used to set
load area in
polygon
Single pole trip

in Zone 2 can
be selected
Refer to Manual
The overreach zone Z1b may be controlled by the recloser Chapter 2.2
Info - 16
Calculate the Load Area setting
Maximum load current = 2200 A
Minimum operating voltage = 90%
Min Power factor cos = 0,85
RLOAD (min) = Umin / 3 ILmax
RLOAD (min) = 0,9  220 kV / 3  2200 A

= 95  (prim.)
Max Load Angle = 1,2 * arccos (cos  )

RLOAD (min)
Max Load Angle = 1,2* arccos ( 0,85)

= 38º Max Load Angle
Info - 17
Setting Group A: Distance protection, Earth faults
Set the threshold

for earth fault
pickup
Additional
settings have the
supplement A
Refer to Manual
Chapter 2.2
Info - 18
Reach and time co-ordination
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
t
-75% 0% 85% 100% 120% 150%

Info - 19
Setting Group A: Distance protection, Time Delays
Set the zone

timers:
Separate
setting for
1 and multi
phase faults
in Z1, Z2 and
Z1b
The same parameters are Setting infinity () may be

also shown with the applied for clarity to
individual zone settings. unused zones.
Info - 20
Setting Group A: Distance zones, Zone 1
Set mode for Zone1

- Forward
- Reverse
- Non-directional
- Inactive
Set reach for

Zone1 Primary
or secondary
Set time delay

for Zone1 The zone reduction angle is only available for Zone1
(Same as under (Used to prevent overreach resulting from load current
general settings in the presence of resistive faults)
Settings for further Zones is similar

Info - 21
Distance zones, Reach Calculation
Line pos. seq. impedance XL1 = 0,25 /km at 85  i.e. 0,022 + j0,249 /km
Line zero seq. impedance XL0 = 0,8 /km at 75  i.e. 0,207 + j0,773 /km
Arc Voltage = 6 kV CTR = 1200/1 VTR = 220/0,1
Rline
For the resistance reach settings,
use only the arc resistance Rarc
Line resistance is covered
by the line angle setting
Rset
Zone 1: X1 = 0,85  XL1  100 km R1 = 1/2 Rarc = 1/2  6kV / 2kA
= 21,16  prim. = 1,5  prim.
Z sec = Z prim  CTR/VTR

Info - 22
Setting Group A: Distance zones, Zone 1b
Zone1b is a controlled zone: Normally used as
overreach zone with tele-protection
Zone1b may be controlled by the automatic re-closer (internal or external)

for zone extension schemes
Info - 23
Tele-protection : POTT
Zone 1
Zone 1b
Zone 3
Zone 1
Zone 1b
Zone 3
-75% 20% 0% 15% 85% 100% 120% 150%

Info - 24
Setting Group A: Tele-protection for Distance prot.
The tele-protection scheme type was selected
during the configuration (POTT)
Two or three
terminal lines
can be
configured
Additional settings allows access to the timer settings: In most

cases the default settings are adequate
Info - 25
Setting Group A: Fault Locator
The fault locator can be initiated by pick-up or trip
Load compensation may be activated (improves FL

output in the event of resistive faults with load current)
Refer to Manual
Chapter 2.18
Info - 26
Setting Group A: High Current Switch on to Fault
Following energisation of the line (recognition of CB close)
the high speed SOTF clears bolted faults.
Function must be switched ON
Pick-up setting must be above

maximum expected charging current
Info - 27
Saving and transfer of settings
Save the settings with the FILE Menu
To transfer settings to
the RELAY mode must
be ONLINE
Icon lights up when

settings in PC do not
match the settings in
the relay. Click icon to
transfer settings to
the RELAY
Information retrieval from the relay or file (if info was saved) is
possible here: event log, trip log etc. / primary and secondary
measured values / oscillographic recordings
Info - 28

19 - Distance Device Parameterization

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SIPROTEC 4

7SA6 Distance Protection

Specialist Power System Protection

• Protection Information is in Chapter 2: FUNCTIONS

• For each protection function there are the sections

• Extensive use is made of logic diagrams to explain the

Z1 = 0,25 Ohm/km 85

Allocate the required

inputs and outputs AR Close

The number of General supervision alarm

Make sure the entered settings match the plant data

Setting blocks for the functions enabled during configuration

Refer to Manual Incorrect entries may lead to wrong protection operation

R1 = 0,25 cos 85 = 0,022  R0 = 0,8 cos 75 = 0,207 

RE/RL = 1/3 (0,207/0,022 - 1) XE/XL = 1/3 (0,773/0,249 - 1)

Current, voltage and

After line closure

Single pole trip

RLOAD (min) = Umin / 3 ILmax

RLOAD (min) = 0,9  220 kV / 3  2200 A

Max Load Angle = 1,2 * arccos (cos  )

Max Load Angle = 1,2* arccos ( 0,85)

Set the threshold

-75% 0% 85% 100% 120% 150%

Set the zone

The same parameters are Setting infinity () may be

Set mode for Zone1

Set reach for

Set time delay

Settings for further Zones is similar

Z sec = Z prim  CTR/VTR

Zone1b may be controlled by the automatic re-closer (internal or external)

-75% 20% 0% 15% 85% 100% 120% 150%

Additional settings allows access to the timer settings: In most

The fault locator can be initiated by pick-up or trip

Load compensation may be activated (improves FL

Function must be switched ON

Pick-up setting must be above

Icon lights up when

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