Health and

Ecological Hazards
•Hazardous substances may irritate the skin or
eyes, make it difficult to breathe, cause headaches
and nausea, or result in other types of illness.
Some hazardous substances can cause far more
severe health effects, including behavioral
abnormalities, cancer and genetic mutations.

•Impacts on the environment can be just as

devastating: killing organisms in a lake or river,
destroying animals and plants in a contaminated
area, causing major reproductive complications in
animals, or otherwise limit the ability of an
ecosystem to survive. Certain hazardous
substances also have the potential to explode or
cause a fire, threatening both animals and human
populations.
 Hazardous Waste Management

Land
Disposal
Treatment
Waste Process
Minimization Recycling
Waste
Exchange
 Waste Minimization
Key Elements
Appropriate Organization,
goals and strategy

Technical Resources

Financial Resources

Top-level Organizational
Commitment
 Waste Audit
Waste Audit is an important
first step in establishing a Evaluate
strategy for waste
We Create
minimization.
progress
Track
Quality Professional
“Why is this waste being
PPT Presentation
generated?” Implement
How much material is Screen
going in and how much of Alternatives
it is ending up as waste
Establish priority
Changes in (1) input of waste streams
materials, (2) process Identify
technology, (3) human Sources
aspect of production Identify Waste
Streams
Input Materials
(1) Purification (2) Substitution (3) Dilution

Purification – is performed to avoid the

introduction of inert materials or
impurities into the production process

Substitution – is the replacement of a

toxic material with one characterized by
lower toxicity or higher environmental
desirability.

Dilution – is a minor component at input

material changes and is exemplified by
use of more dilute plating solutions to
minimize dragout.
 Waste
Exchange
In essence “one person’s trash becomes
another person’s treasure.” The difference
between a manufacturing by-product, which is
costly to treat or dispose, and a usable or
salable by-product involves opportunity,
knowledge of processes outside the generator’s
immediate production line, and comparative
pricing of virgin material. Waste exchanges
serve as information clearinghouses through
which the availability and need for various types
of materials can be established.
Recycling
A material is recycled if it is used,
reused, or reclaimed.
A material is “used or reused” if it
is either (1) employed as an
ingredient (including its use as an
intermediate) to make a product;
or
(2) employed in a particular
function as an effective substitute
for a commercial product.
A material is reclaimed if it is
processed to recover a useful
product or if it is regenerated.
Distillation processes can be
used to recover spent solvent.
The principal characteristics
that determine the potential
for recovery are the boiling
points of the various useful
constituents and the
water content. The more
dilute the waste solvent, the
less economical it is to
recover.
 Treatment Process
Hazardous waste can be treated by chemical, thermal, biological, and physical
methods. Chemical methods include ion exchange, precipitation, oxidation and
reduction and neutralization. Among thermal methods is high-temperature
incineration, which not only can detoxify certain organic wastes but also can
destroy them.
 Land Disposal
Placement of liquid
Deep well injection into wastes or sludges in
porous geological surface pits, ponds,
formations or salt caverns or lagoons

Storage of solid wastes

in specially designed Deposit of hazardous
hazardous waste wastes in secure
storage facilities landfills