Open Channel

Objectives
Classification of Open Channel Flows
Classification of Open Channel Flows
Classification of Open Channel Flows
Classification of Open Channel Flows
Classification of Open Channel Flows
Classification of Open Channel Flows
Froude Number and Wave Speed
Froude Number and Wave Speed
Froude Number and Wave Speed
Froude Number and Wave Speed
Froude Number and Wave Speed
Specific Energy
Specific Energy
Specific Energy
Continuity and Energy Equations
Continuity and Energy Equations
Uniform Flow in Channel
Uniform Flow in Channel
Empirical Formulas for the values of
C
•  Kutter ad Ganguillet Formula

• Manning Formula

• Bazin Formula
 n Nature of sruface
Nature of surface m
Min Max
Neat cement surface Smooth cement
0.010 0.013 0.06
Wood-stave pipe 0.010 0.013 Plane wood
Plank flumes, planed 0.010 0.014 0.06
Vitrified sewer pipe 0.010 0.017 Brickwork
0.16
Metal flumes, smooth 0.011 0.015
Concrete, precast Rough planks
0.011 0.013 0.16
Cement mortar surfaces 0.011 0.015 Rubble masonry
Plank flume unplanned 0.011 0.015 0.46
Common-clay drainage tile 0.011 0.017 Smooth earth
0.85
Concrete, monolithic 0.012 0.016
Brick with cement mortar Ordinary earth
0.012 0.017 1.30
Cast iron – new 0.013 0.017 Rough channels
Cement rubbles surfaces 0.017 0.030 1.75
Riveted steel 0.017 0.020
Corrugated metal pipe 0.021 0.025 Typical Bazin Coefficient
Canals and ditches, smooth earth 0.017 0.025
Metal flumes, corrugated 0.022 0.030
Canal:    
Dredged in earth, smooth 0.025 0.033
In rock cuts, smooth 0.025 0.035
Rough beds and weeds on sides
0.025 0.040

Rock cuts, jagged and irregular

0.035 0.045

Natural streams    
Smoothest 0.025 0.033
Roughest 0.045 0.060
Very weedy 0.075 0.015

Values of n to be used with Manning Formula

Best Hydraulic Cross Sections
Best Hydraulic Cross Sections
Best Hydraulic Cross Sections
Gradually Varied Flow
Gradually Varied Flow
Gradually Varied Flow
Gradually Varied Flow
Gradually Varied Flow
Gradually Varied Flow
Rapidly Varied Flow and Hydraulic
Jump
Rapidly Varied Flow and Hydraulic
Jump
Rapidly Varied Flow and Hydraulic
Jump
Rapidly Varied Flow and Hydraulic
Jump
Rapidly Varied Flow and Hydraulic
Jump
Rapidly Varied Flow and Hydraulic
Jump
Rapidly Varied Flow and Hydraulic
Jump