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Introduction to DBMS

 KIIT 2014
 Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to do
the following:
• Define Database
• Define role of (DBMS)
• List the Applications of Database System
• Explain the need of Database System
• Describe various types of Views of Data
• Identify the Database Languages
• Use Relational Database
• Design Database
• Know Data Storage and Querying
• Define Database Architecture
• Distinguish Database users

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 Introduction
• Database: is collection of data which is related
by some aspect
• Data: is collection of facts and figures which can
be processed to produce information.
• Information: is arranged form(processed) of data
that carries a meaning to the person receiving it.

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 DBMS
• DBMS is a collection of interrelated data and a set
of programs to access those data.
• The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide a way to
store and retrieve database information that is
both convenient and efficient.
• Database systems are designed to manage large
bodies of information.

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 Database-System
Applications
Database are widely use at the following
• Enterprise Information
• Banking and Finance
• Universities
• Airlines
• Telecommunication

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 Why Database System?
Keeping organizational information in a file-
processing system has a number of major
disadvantages:
• Data redundancy
• Data inconsistency
• Difficulty in accessing data
• Data isolation
• Integrity problems
• Atomicity problems
• Concurrent-access anomalies
• Security problems

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 View of Data
• A database system is a collection of interrelated
data and a set of programs that allow users to
access and modify these data.
• A main purpose of a database system is to
provide users to retrieve data efficiently. With no
worry of how the data are stored and maintained.

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 View of Data
The need for efficiency has led designers to use
complex data structures to represent data in the
database and can be represented in different
ways.
• Data Abstraction
– Physical Level
– Logical Level
– View Level
• Instances and Schemas
• Data Models
– Relational Model
– Entity-Relationship Model
– Object-Based Data Model

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 Database Languages
Database system provides following
languages:
• Data Definition Language
• Domain Constraints
• Referential Integrity
• Assertions
• Authorization
• Data Manipulation Language
• Procedural DMLs
• Declarative DMLs
• Data Control Language
• Transaction Control Language 

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 Relational Databases
• A relational database is a collection of relations or
two-dimensional tables.

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 Relational Databases
• It also includes
• DML :The SQL query to fetch data
select first_name, last_name, salary from
employees where department_id=10;

• DDL :The SQL is use to define

create table department
(dept name char (20),
building char (15),
budget numeric (12,2));

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 Database Design
• Database design mainly involves:
– Design Process
– Entity-Relationship Model
– Normalization

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 Data Storage and
Querying
• Functional components of the Database
system is broadly divided into
– Storage Manager
– Query Processor

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 Transaction Management
A database transaction consists of the
following:
• DML statements that constitute one consistent
change to the data
• One DDL statement
• One data control language (DCL) statement
These properties are widely known as ACID properties:

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 Transaction Management
To ensure the integrity of data during a
transaction, the database system
maintains the following properties:
• Atomicity
• Consistency
• Isolation
• Durability
These properties are widely known as ACID
properties

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 Database Architecture
• DBMS architecture helps in design,
development, implementation, and
maintenance of a database.
• A database stores critical information for a
business.
• Selecting the correct Database Architecture
helps in quick and secure access to this data.

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 Database Architecture
There are three types of DBMS architecture:
• Single tier architecture
• Two tier architecture
• Three tier architecture

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 Database Architecture
• Single tier architecture : Involves putting
all of the required components for a software
application or technology on a single server
or platform.

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 Database Architecture
• Two tier architecture : Is based on Client
Server architecture.

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 Database Architecture
• Three tier architecture : Separates its tiers
from each other based on the complexity of
the users and how they use the data present
in the database. 

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 Database Users
• Database users are the one who really use and
take the benefits of database. There will be
different types of users :
– Application Programmers
– Sophisticated Users
– Specialized Users
– Stand-alone Users
– Native Users
– Database Administrators

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 Summary
In this lesson, you should have learned how to:
• Use database languages to view data from the
database
• Use Relational Database to store data and improve
performance
• Design Database
• Know Data Storage and Querying
• Define Database Architecture
• Distinguish Database users

 KIIT 2014