SYNDICATE 1

YPB61

CABAI
•Meisya Azzura Nabila (29119019)
•Hanna Viany Octavia (29119141)
•Irfan Mirza Pratama (29119021)
•Arief Fathoni Argadian (29119019)
CABAI MERAH
Cabai (Capsicum annuum L) is one of the high economic value vegetable
crops, owing to its broad enough position as an export crop and food
industry to satisfy domestic needs. Chili product has been a part of the
lives of Indonesians; this chili uses all foods connected to spicy as a spice
in the cooking.

In Indonesia, the chili product comprises of different forms, including big

chili consisting of thick red chili and fuzzy red chili, and cayenne
consisting of green cayenne and red cayenne. The most widely consumed
chili by the public is curly red chili. Red cayenne pepper is the most
unpredictable product in terms of quality, not infrequently the price
soars, particularly in the lean season (Yanuarti, 2016)
CABAI MERAH KERITING
Cabai Merah Keriting (Capsicum annum L.) is a shrub in the genus in
eggplants. Chile originates specifically in the Peruvian region from the
American continent and extends to the countries of the Americas,
Europe, and Asia like Indonesia (Miskun, 2013). Curly red chili is a woody
seasonal plant that occurs in tropical climatic areas.

In highlands and lowlands, this plant can expand and breed. Nearly
all soil forms appropriate for crop production, even ideal for curly red
chili plants. Curly red chili is suitable for moist, loose soil, abundant in
nutritious, not readily muddy (stagnant), worm-free (nematodes), and
plant-borne diseases, and you get reasonable yield quantities and
consistency. The optimal pH level for soils is 5.5 - 6.8.
CABAI RAWIT MERAH AS SUBSTITUTION

Cabai rawit or cabai kathur (in English called Cayenne), is a fruit and
plant of the genus Capsicum. Apart from Indonesia, it also grows and is
famous as a spice in other Southeast Asian countries. Cayenne changes
color from green to red when ripe. Although smaller in size than other
chili varieties, it is considered quite spicy because of its spiciness
reaching 50,000 - 100,000 on the Scoville scale. Cayenne pepper usually
sold in markets along with other varieties of chili.

We chose cayenne pepper as a substitute for big red chili and red chili
because all three have the same function when they are part of the food.
However, cayenne pepper has an extreme spicy taste. Even the spicy
taste of curly chili is nothing compared to cayenne pepper.
BAWANG MERAH AS A COMPLEMENT

Bawang merah or red onion are onion cultivars (Allium cepa) with a
purplish-red surface tinged with red and white meat. Such ointments
appear to be medium to broad, with a slight taste. These sometimes
consume fresh, fried, or cooked gently with other foods, or applied to
salads as decoration. Red onions are distributed year-round and are rich
in flavonoids and fiber (in contrast with white and yellow onions).

We chose shallots as a compliment because onions are milder than other

types of onions. Besides, onion often used in conjunction with chili as a
complement as in sambal, as well as other foods.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. Objectives: Quantity supply, quantity demand, producer prices, and
consumer prices for Cabai Merah Besar, Cabai Merah Keriting, Cabai
Rawit Merah dan Bawang Merah.
2. Location: Pasar Induk Kramatjati.
3. Reason of choosing the location: We choose Pasar Induk
Kramatjati as a location to research because Pasar Induk Kramatjati is
the primary market that supports horticultural food products in
Greater Jakarta. Pasar Induk Kramatjati mostly used as a reference in
determining prices in Greater Jakarta markets.
4. Type of Data: Secondary
5. Data collection methods: Literature study through journals,
articles, internet and other relevant references.
6. Hypotesis:
• Cabai Merah Besar dan Cabai Merah Keriting as the main product.
• Cabai Rawit Merah as substitution product for Cabai Merah Besar dan
Cabai Merah Keriting
• Bawang merah as complementary product for Cabai Merah Besar dan
Cabai Merah Keriting
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
7. Research Period : January – April

The preference of research time in January - April 2018 because the

selected months are close to the fasting and Eid al-Fitr (May-June). Ahead
of fasting and Eid al-Fitr, the availability of food commodities, demand, and
prices of each commodity fluctuate, so it is intriguing to us to study the
elasticity of supply and demand within the months.

The calculation of elasticity in January - April 2018 is divided into two,

mainly January - February 2018, as the quantity and price of supply-
demand before the change and March - April 2018 as the quantity and
price of the supply and demand after the move.

The distribution is expected in March - April 2018 due to a significant

change in prices compared to January - February 2018.
 CALCULATING ELASTICITY
• Price elasticity of supply using the midpoint method.
  = Supply elasticity
  Q1 = Quantity supply before changes
= = : Q2 = Quantity supply after changes
P1 = Producer price before changes
P2 = Producer price after changes

• Price elasticity of demand using the midpoint method.

  = Demand elasticity
  Q1 = Quantity demand before changes
= = : Q2 = Quantity demand after changes
P1 = Producer price before changes
P2 = Producer price after changes

  If, or > 1 = Elastic

or < 1 = Inelastic
 CALCULATING ELASTICITY
• Cross elasticity of the main product and substitution/complementary product.
  = Cross Elasticity
  = The number of reducing quantity of demand of
= × substitution/complementary product before and after changes.
= The number of reducing price of concument of main
product before and after changes.
= Producer price before changes
= Producer price after changes

  If, or 0 > 1 = Substition Product

or 0 < 1 = Complementary Product
Syndicate 1

CABAI MERAH BESAR

Main Pro d uct / S up p ly and De m and
 Minggu Jumlah (kg/ Minggu) Rata-rata/Bulan (kg/minggu) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (kg/minggu)
 
Minggu 1 84000
Minggu 2 72800
Januari Minggu 3 67200 66360,00

DEMAND
Minggu 4 56000
Minggu 5 51800 57242,50
Minggu 1 50400
Minggu 2 44800
Cabai Merah Besar Februari
Minggu 3 50400
48125,00

Pasar Induk Minggu 4 46900

Kramatjati
Minggu 1 68600
Minggu 2 39200
Sumber : Badan Ketahanan Maret 45850,00
Minggu 3 31500
Pangan Kementerian Minggu 4 44100 52791,67

Pertanian Republik Indonesia Minggu 1 37100

April Minggu 2 63700 59733,33
(2018)
Minggu 3 78400
 Minggu Jumlah (kg/ Minggu) Rata-rata/Bulan (kg/minggu) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (kg/minggu)
 
Minggu 1 98000
Minggu 2 56000
Januari Minggu 3 49000 61600,00

SUPPLY
Minggu 4 42000
Minggu 5 63000 69300,00
Minggu 1 56000
Minggu 2 49000
Cabai Merah Besar Februari
Minggu 3 91000
77000,00

Pasar Induk Minggu 4 112000

Kramatjati
Minggu 1 105000
Minggu 2 91000
Sumber : Badan Ketahanan Maret 87500,00
Minggu 3 84000
Pangan Kementerian Minggu 4 70000 74083,33

Pertanian Republik Indonesia Minggu 1 63000

April Minggu 2 56000 60666,67
(2018)
Minggu 3 63000
 Minggu Harga (Rp/Kg) Rata-rata/Bulan (Rp/kg) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (Rp/kg)
 

Producer Minggu 1
Minggu 2
24600
26300

Price Januari Minggu 3

Minggu 4
23000
27800
25380

Minggu 5 25200 26365,00

Cabai Merah Besar Minggu 1 25200

Pasar Induk Februari

Minggu 2
Minggu 3
28400
29400
27350

Kramatjati
Sumber :
Minggu 4 26400
Minggu 1 28700
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Minggu 2 32600
Maret 31675
Kementerian Pertanian Minggu 3 32000
Minggu 4 33400 29587,50
Republik Indonesia (2018)
Minggu 1 30700
Kementerian Pertanian (2019) April Minggu 2 26200 27500
Minggu 3 25600
 Minggu Harga (Rp/Kg) Rata-rata/Bulan (Rp/kg) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (Rp/kg)

Consumen
 
Minggu 1 20000
Minggu 2 30000

Price Januari Minggu 3

Minggu 4
30000
35000
30400,00

Minggu 5 37000 34950,00

Cabai Merah Besar Minggu 1 40000

Pasar Induk Februari

Minggu 2 42000
39500,00
Minggu 3 38000
Kramatjati
Sumber : Minggu 4 38000
Minggu 1 39000
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Minggu 2 42000
Maret 41500,00
Kementerian Pertanian Minggu 3 42000
Minggu 4 43000 45750,00
Republik Indonesia (2018)
Minggu 1 45000
Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan April Minggu 2 55000 50000,00

Strategis Nasional (2019) Minggu 3 50000

 Mutlak
Delta Supply 0,07 0,07

CALCULATIONS Delta Demand -0,08 0,08

Cabai Merah Besar Delta Supply Price 0,12 0,12

Pasar Induk Delta Demand Price 0,27 0,27
Kramatjati
Elastisitas Supply 0,58 0,58< 1 Inelastis

Elastisitas Demand -0,30 0,30< 1 Inelastis

 Cabai Merah Besar Demand Graph
48000
46000 45750
44000
42000
price (rp/kg)

40000
38000
36000 34950
34000
32000
30000
52500 53000 53500 54000 54500 55000 55500 56000 56500 57000 57500
quantity (kg/weeks)

Demand
 Cabai Merah Besar Supply Graph
30000
price (rp/kg)

29587
29000

28000

27000
26365
26000

25000

24000
69000 70000 71000 72000 73000 74000 75000
quantity (kg/weeks)

Supply
 Cabai Merah Besar Supply Demand Graph
Price (rp/kg) 50000
45750
45000

40000

35000 34950
29587
30000
26365
25000
50000 55000 60000 65000 70000 75000

Supply Demand
Quantity (kg/weeks)
 Cabai Merah Besar Result

• Demand Cabai Merah Besar in Pasar Induk Kramatjati in the last four months amounted to 57.242,50 kg
for January and February, and 52.791,67 kg for March and April. Demand Cabai Merah Besar in Pasar
Induk Kramatjati from January to April experienced regular fluctuations every weeks.

• Supply Cabai Merah Besar in Pasar Induk Kramatjati in the last four months amounted to 69.300 kg for
January and February, and 74.083,33 kg for March and April. Supply Cabai Merah Besar in Pasar Induk
Kramatjati from January to April experienced regular fluctuations every weeks.

• In the calculations above, the elasticity coefficient of the Cabai Merah Besar on the Pasar Induk
Kramatjati for supply is 0.58, while the demand is 0.30. This result shows the elasticity of supply and
demand is inelastic. The inelastic result reveals that changes in prices from Cabai Merah Besar can cause
relatively small changes in supply.
 Cabai Merah Besar Result

• This result indicates that every time there is a change in price at Cabai Merah Besar, the supply of Cabai
Merah Besar will also change by 0.58 and it means inelastic. This happen because is not easy to increase
production capacity due to limited agricultural land and to adjust harvest time. The government needs to
carry out import policies every year to meet the supply needs of the Cabai Merah Besar (Sekretariat
Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian, 2019)

• This result also indicates that every time there is a change in price at Cabai Merah Besar, the demand of
Cabai Merah Besar will also change by 0.30 and it means inelastic. This happen because Cabai Merah
Besar has been one of the basic needs of the community in Jabodetabek, people love to buy Cabai Merah
Besar in here. Regardless of price changes from the Cabai Merah Besar, it will still be purchased
(Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture's Food Security Agency, 2018).
Syndicate 1

CABAI MERAH KERITING

Main Pro d uct / S up p ly and De m and
 Minggu Jumlah (kg/ Minggu) Rata-rata/Bulan (kg/minggu) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (kg/minggu)
 
Minggu 1 162400

DEMAND
Minggu 2 168000
Januari Minggu 3 179200 173600,00
Minggu 4 179200
199137,50
Cabai Merah
Minggu 5 179200
Minggu 1 201600
Keriting Februari
Minggu 2 235200
224675,00

Pasar Induk
Minggu 3 229600
Minggu 4 232300
Sumber :
Kramatjati
Badan Ketahanan Pangan
Minggu 1 156800
Minggu 2 132300
Maret 151300,00
Kementerian Pertanian Minggu 3 164200
Minggu 4 151900 151233,33
Republik Indonesia (2018)
Minggu 1 147000
April Minggu 2 164400 151166,67
Minggu 3 142100
 Minggu Jumlah (kg/ Minggu) Rata-rata/Bulan (kg/minggu) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (kg/minggu)
 
Minggu 1 224000

SUPPLY
Minggu 2 189000
Januari Minggu 3 231000 219800,00
Minggu 4 238000
220150,00
Cabai Merah
Minggu 5 217000
Minggu 1 210000
Keriting Februari
Minggu 2 238000
220500,00

Pasar Induk
Minggu 3 231000
Minggu 4 203000
Sumber :
Kramatjati
Badan Ketahanan Pangan
Minggu 1 203000
Minggu 2 210000
Maret 215250,00
Kementerian Pertanian Minggu 3 224000
Minggu 4 224000 246458,33
Republik Indonesia (2018)
Minggu 1 252000
April Minggu 2 294000 277666,67
Minggu 3 287000
 Minggu Harga (Rp/Kg) Rata-rata/Bulan (Rp/kg) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (Rp/kg)

Producer
 
Minggu 1 22800
Minggu 2 24700

Price Januari Minggu 3

Minggu 4
25300
26300
25200,00

Minggu 5 26900 26312,50

Cabai Merah Minggu 1 28300

Keriting Februari
Minggu 2 27200
27425,00
Minggu 3 28100
Pasar
Sumber :
Induk Minggu 4 26100

Kramatjati
Badan Ketahanan Pangan
Minggu 1 29700
Minggu 2 30600
Maret 30700,00
Kementerian Pertanian Minggu 3 31900
Minggu 4 30600 26800,00
Republik Indonesia (2018)
Minggu 1 26300
Kementerian Pertanian (2019) April Minggu 2 22800 22900,00
Minggu 3 19600
Consumen
Minggu Harga (Rp/Kg) Rata-rata/Bulan (Rp/kg) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (Rp/kg)
 
Minggu 1 22000

Price
Minggu 2 24000
Januari Minggu 3 32000 27200,00
Minggu 4 28000
Cabai Merah Minggu 5 30000 28600,00
Minggu 1 30000
Keriting Februari
Minggu 2 29000
30000,00
Pasar
Sumber :
Induk Minggu 3 29000
Minggu 4 32000
Kramatjati
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Minggu 1 32000
Minggu 2 38000
Kementerian Pertanian Maret 32500,00
Minggu 3 30000
Republik Indonesia (2018) Minggu 4 30000 28916,67

Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Minggu 1 29000

April Minggu 2 27000 25333,33
Strategis Nasional (2019)
Minggu 3 20000
 Mutlak
Delta Supply 0,11 0,11

CALCULATIONS Delta Demand -0,27 0,27

Cabai Merah Delta Supply Price 0,02 0,02

Keriting Delta Demand Price 0,01 0,01
Pasar Induk
Kramatjati Elastisitas Supply 6,14 6,14>1 Elastis

Elastisitas Demand -24,83 24,83>1 Elastis

 Cabai Merah Keriting Demand Graph
price (rp/kg) 29000
28916.67
28900

28800

28700
28600
28600

28500

28400
130000 150000 170000 190000 210000 230000 250000
quantity (kg/weeks)

Demand
 Cabai Merah Keriting Supply Graph
26900
26800
26800
26700
26600
price (Rp/Kg)

26500
26400 26312.5
26300
26200
26100
26000
200000 205000 210000 215000 220000 225000 230000 235000 240000 245000 250000
quantity (kg/weeks)

Supply
 Cabai Merah Keriting Supply Demand Graph
29500
29000
28916.67 28600
28500
28000
price (rp/kg)

27500
27000 26800
26500 26312.5
26000
25500
25000
150000 170000 190000 210000 230000 250000
quantity (kg/weeks)

Supply Demand
 Cabai Merah Keriting Result

• Demand Cabai Merah Keriting in Pasar Induk Kramatjati in the last four months amounted to 199.137,50
kg for January and February, and 151.233,33 kg for March and April. Demand Cabai Merah Keriting in
Pasar Induk Kramatjati from January to April experienced regular fluctuations every weeks.

• Supply Cabai Merah Keriting in Pasar Induk Kramatjati in the last four months amounted to 220.150 kg for
January and February, and 246.458,33 kg for March and April. Supply Cabai Merah Keriting in Pasar Induk
Kramatjati from January to April experienced regular fluctuations every weeks.

• In the calculations above, the elasticity coefficient of the Cabai Merah Keriting on the Pasar Induk
Kramatjati for supply is 6,14, while the demand is 24,83. This result shows the elasticity of supply and
demand is elastic. The elastic result reveals that changes in prices from Cabai Merah Besar indicate that
the quantity demanded or supplied responds to price changes in a greater than proportional manner.
 Cabai Merah Keriting Result

• This result indicates that every time there is a change in price at the Cabai Merah Keriting, the supply of
the Cabai Merah Keriting will also change by 6.14 and it means elastic. This happen because the total of
the abundant supply of Cabai Keriting Merah is in Pasar Induk Kramatjati; as a result, there is always a
supply every month. Therefore, when there are changes in price, it is effortless to increase or reduce the
quantity of Cabai Merah Keriting in Pasar Induk Kramatjati (Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian
Pertanian RI, 2018).

• This result also indicates that every time there is a change in price at the Cabai Merah Keriting, the
demand of the Cabai Merah Keriting will also change by 24.83 and it means elastic. This happen because
the total demand of people in Jabodetabek is not really big. Beside there is also a substitution to change
Cabai Merah Keriting (Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian, 2019).
Syndicate 1

CABAI RAWIT MERAH

S ub stitutio n / S up p ly and D e m and
 Minggu Jumlah (kg/ Minggu) Rata-rata/Bulan (kg/minggu) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (kg/minggu)
 
Minggu 1 127400

DEMAND
Minggu 2 127400
Januari Minggu 3 161700 171500,00
Minggu 4 196000
169050,00
Cabai Rawit Merah
Minggu 5 245000
Minggu 1 200900
Pasar Induk Februari
Minggu 2 166600
166600,00

Kramatjati
Minggu 3 161700
Minggu 4 137200
Sumber :
Minggu 1 156800
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Minggu 2 207200
Maret 196000,00
Kementerian Pertanian Minggu 3 201600
Minggu 4 218400 212800,00
Republik Indonesia (2018)
Minggu 1 212800
April Minggu 2 235200 229600,00
Minggu 3 240800
 Minggu Jumlah (kg/ Minggu) Rata-rata/Bulan (kg/minggu) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (kg/minggu)
 
Minggu 1 182000

SUPPLY
Minggu 2 182000
Januari Minggu 3 231000 245000,00
Minggu 4 280000
241500,00
Cabai Rawit Merah
Minggu 5 350000
Minggu 1 287000
Pasar Induk Februari
Minggu 2 238000
238000,00

Kramatjati
Minggu 3 231000
Minggu 4 196000
Sumber :
Minggu 1 196000
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Minggu 2 259000
Maret 245000,00
Kementerian Pertanian Minggu 3 252000
Minggu 4 273000 266000,00
Republik Indonesia (2018)
Minggu 1 266000
April Minggu 2 294000 287000,00
Minggu 3 301000
 Minggu Harga (Rp/Kg) Rata-rata/Bulan (Rp/kg) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (Rp/kg)
 

Producer Minggu 1
Minggu 2
24300
25800

Price Januari Minggu 3

Minggu 4
25300
27600
25840

Minggu 5 26200 29107,50

Cabai Rawit Merah Minggu 1 29200

Pasar Induk Februari

Minggu 2
Minggu 3
30200
34900
32375

Kramatjati
Sumber : Minggu 4 35200
Minggu 1 36900
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Minggu 2 37700
Maret 37725
Kementerian Pertanian Minggu 3 40200
Minggu 4 36100 30162,50
Republik Indonesia (2018)
Minggu 1 25800
Kementerian Pertanian (2019) April Minggu 2 22100 22600
Minggu 3 19900
Consumen
Minggu Harga (Rp/Kg) Rata-rata/Bulan (Rp/kg) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (Rp/kg)
 
Minggu 1 31000

Price
Minggu 2 32000
Januari Minggu 3 28000 28000,00
Minggu 4 24000
Cabai Rawit Merah Minggu 5 25000 34750,00
Minggu 1 33000
Pasar Induk Februari
Minggu 2 40000
41500,00
Kramatjati
Sumber :
Minggu 3 46000
Minggu 4 47000
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Minggu 1 54000
Minggu 2 41000
Kementerian Pertanian Maret 39500,00
Minggu 3 34000
Republik Indonesia (2018) Minggu 4 29000 31750,00

Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Minggu 1 29000

April Minggu 2 22000 24000,00
Strategis Nasional (2019)
Minggu 3 21000
 Mutlak
Delta Supply 0,10 0,10

CALCULATIONS Delta Demand 0,23 0,23

Cabai Rawit Merah Delta Supply Price 0,04 0,04

Pasar Induk Delta Demand Price -0,09 0,09
Kramatjati
Elastisitas Supply 2,71 2,71>1 Elastis

Elastisitas Demand -2,54 2,54>1 Elastis

 Cabai Rawit Merah Demand Graph
35000
34750
34500
34000
33500
price (Rp/kg)

33000
32500
32000 31750
31500
31000
30500
30000
130000 150000 170000 190000 210000 230000 250000
quantity (kg/weeks)

Demand
 Cabai Rawit Merah Supply Graph
30400
30200 30162.5
30000
29800
price (rp/kg)

29600
29400
2920029107.5
29000
28800
28600
28400
240000 245000 250000 255000 260000 265000 270000
quantity (kg/Weeks)

Supply
 Cabai Rawit Merah Supply Demand Graph
36000
35000 34750
34000
33000
31750
price (rp/kg)

32000
31000
30162.5
30000
29107.5
29000
28000
27000
26000
150000 170000 190000 210000 230000 250000 270000
Quantity (kg/weeks)

Supply Demand
 Cabai Rawit Merah Result

• Demand Cabai Rawit Merah in Pasar Induk Kramatjati in the last four months amounted to 199.137,50 kg
for January and February, and 151.233,33 kg for March and April. Demand Cabai Rawit Merah in Pasar
Induk Kramatjati from January to April experienced regular fluctuations every weeks.

• Supply Cabai Rawit Merah in Pasar Induk Kramatjati in the last four months amounted to 169.050 kg for
January and February, and 212.800 kg for March and April. Supply Cabai Rawit Merah in Pasar Induk
Kramatjati from January to April experienced regular fluctuations every weeks.

• In the calculations above, the elasticity coefficient of the Cabai Rawit Merah on the Pasar Induk
Kramatjati for supply is 6.14, while the demand is 24.83. This result shows the elasticity of supply and
demand is elastic. The elastic result reveals that changes in prices from Cabai Rawit Merah indicate that
the quantity demanded or supplied responds to price changes in a greater than proportional manner.
 Cabai Rawit Merah Result

• This result indicates that every time there is a change in price at the Cabai Merah Keriting, the supply of
the Cabai Merah Keriting will also change by 6.14 and it means elastic. This happen due to the large
amount of supply in the Pasar Induk Kramatjati. As a result there is a supply of supply every month.
Therefore, when there is a change in prices, it is quite easy to increase or decrease the supply of Cabe
Rawit Merah in the Pasar Induk Kramatjati (Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Pertanian RI, 2018).

• This result also indicates that every time there is a change in price at the Cabai Merah Keriting, the
demand of the Cabai Merah Keriting will also change by 24.83 and it means elastic. This happen because
because the amount of demand for the Jabodetabek community is lacking, this reason could be due to
the high price of Cabe Rawit Merah compared to other types of chili. Besides, there are other substitutes
to replace Cabe Rawit Merah. (Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian, 2019).
Syndicate 1

BAWANG MERAH
C o m p le m e nt / S up p ly and D e m and
   Minggu Jumlah (kg/ Minggu) Rata-rata/Bulan (kg/minggu) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (kg/minggu)
Minggu 1 453600

DEMAND
Minggu 2 487200
Januari Minggu 3 481600 479480,00
Minggu 4 487200
491127,50
Bawang Merah
Minggu 5 487800
Minggu 1 464800
Pasar Induk Februari
Minggu 2 526400
502775,00

Kramatjati
Minggu 3 509600
Minggu 4 510300
Sumber :
Minggu 1 509600
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Minggu 2 475300
Maret 468575,00
Kementerian Pertanian Minggu 3 485100
Minggu 4 404300 422120,83
Republik Indonesia (2018)
Minggu 1 392000
April Minggu 2 436100 375666,67
Minggu 3 298900
 Minggu Jumlah (kg/ Minggu) Rata-rata/Bulan (kg/minggu) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (kg/minggu)
 
Minggu 1 728000

SUPPLY
Minggu 2 679000
Januari Minggu 3 693000 651000,00
Minggu 4 581000
596750,00
Bawang Merah
Minggu 5 574000
Minggu 1 553000
Pasar Induk Februari
Minggu 2 623000
542500,00

Kramatjati
Minggu 3 427000
Minggu 4 567000
Sumber :
Minggu 1 567000
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Minggu 2 609000
Maret 596750,00
Kementerian Pertanian Minggu 3 602000
Minggu 4 609000 611041,67
Republik Indonesia (2018)
Minggu 1 581000
April Minggu 2 658000 625333,33
Minggu 3 637000
 Minggu Harga (Rp/Kg) Rata-rata/Bulan (Rp/kg) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (Rp/kg)
 

Producer Minggu 1
Minggu 2
5100
6500

Price Januari Minggu 3

Minggu 4
7600
7900
7060

Minggu 5 8200 7902,50

Bawang Merah Minggu 1 8900

Pasar Induk Februari

Minggu 2
Minggu 3
9400
9000
8745

Kramatjati
Sumber : Minggu 4 8100
Minggu 1 11400
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Minggu 2 12600
Maret 13100
Kementerian Pertanian Minggu 3 13700
Minggu 4 14700 15450,00
Republik Indonesia (2018)
Minggu 1 16900
Kementerian Pertanian (2019) April Minggu 2 17600 17800
Minggu 3 18900
Consumen
Minggu Harga (Rp/Kg) Rata-rata/Bulan (Rp/kg) Rata-rata/ 2 Bulan (Rp/kg)
 
Minggu 1 11000

Price
Minggu 2 14000
Januari Minggu 3 15000 14000,00
Minggu 4 15000
Bawang Merah Minggu 5 15000 17875,00
Minggu 1 18000
Pasar Induk Februari
Minggu 2 24000
21750,00
Kramatjati
Sumber :
Minggu 3 23000
Minggu 4 22000
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Minggu 1 20000
Minggu 2 23000
Kementerian Pertanian Maret 21750,00
Minggu 3 23000
Republik Indonesia (2018) Minggu 4 21000 21791,67

Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Minggu 1 20500

April Minggu 2 23000 21833,33
Strategis Nasional (2019)
Minggu 3 22000
 Mutlak
Delta Supply 0,02 0,02

CALCULATIONS Delta Demand -0,15 0,15

Bawang Merah Delta Supply Price 0,65 0,65

Pasar Induk Delta Demand Price 0,20 0,20
Kramatjati
Sumber : Elastisitas Supply 0,04 0,04<1 Inelastis

Elastisitas Demand -0,77 0,77< 1 Inelastis

 Bawang Merah Demand Graph
25000
21791.7
20000
17875
price (rp/kg)

15000

10000

5000

0
400000 410000 420000 430000 440000 450000 460000 470000 480000 490000 500000
quantity (kg/weeks)

Demand
 Bawang Merah Supply Graph
19000
17000
15000 15450
price (rp/kg)

13000
11000
9000 7902.5
7000
5000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
55 56 57 58 59 Quantity
60 (kg/weeks)
61 62 63 64 65
Supply
 Bawang Merah Supply Demand Graph
25000
21791.7
20000 17875
15450
price (rp/kg)

15000

10000 7902.5

5000

0
400000 450000 500000 550000 600000 650000
Quantity (kg/weeks)

Supply Demand
 Bawang Merah Result

• Demand Bawang Merah in Pasar Induk Kramatjati in the last four months amounted to 491.127,50 kg for
January and February, and 422.120,83 kg for March and April. Demand Bawang Merah in Pasar Induk
Kramatjati from January to April experienced regular fluctuations every weeks.

• Supply Bawang Merah in Pasar Induk Kramatjati in the last four months amounted to 596.750 kg for
January and February, and 611.041 kg for March and April. Supply Bawang Merah in Pasar Induk
Kramatjati from January to April experienced regular fluctuations every weeks.

• In the calculations above, the elasticity coefficient of the Bawang Merah on the Pasar Induk Kramatjati
for supply is 0.04, while the demand is 0.77. This result shows the elasticity of supply and demand is
inelastic. The inelastic result reveals that changes in prices from Bawang Merah can cause relatively small
changes in supply.
 Bawang Merah Result

• This result indicates that every time there is a change in price at Bawang Merah, the supply of Bawang
Merah will also change by 0.04 and it means inelastic. This happen because is not easy to increase
production capacity due to limited agricultural land and to adjust harvest time. The government needs to
carry out import policies every year to meet the supply needs of the Cabai Merah Besar (Sekretariat
Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian, 2019)

• This result also indicates that every time there is a change in price at Bawang Merah, the demand of
Bawang Merah will also change by 0.77 and it means inelastic. This happen because Cabai Merah Besar
has been one of the basic needs of the community in Jabodetabek, people love to buy Cabai Merah Besar
in here. Regardless of price changes from the Cabai Merah Besar, it will still be purchased (Indonesian
Ministry of Agriculture's Food Security Agency, 2018).
 Cross Elasticity
1. Cabai Merah Besar (Main Product) and Cabai Rawit Merah (Substitution Product)
Harga Konsumen Cabai Merah Demand Cabai Merah Besar Demand Cabai Rawit Merah
Besar (Rp/kg) (kg/Weeks) (kg/Weeks)
34950,00 57242,50 169050,00
45750,00 52791,67 212800,00

Elastisitas Silang 0,84 >0 = Substitution

2. Cabai Merah Keriting (Main Product) and Cabai Rawit Merah (Substitution Product)

Harga Konsumen Cabai Merah Demand Cabai Merah Keriting Demand Cabai Rawit Merah
Keriting (Rp/kg) (kg/Weeks) (kg/Weeks)
28600,00 199137,50 169050,00
28916,67 151233,33 212800,00

Elastisitas Silang 23,37 >0 = Substitution

 Cross Elasticity Result

1. Cabai Merah Besar (Main Product) and Cabai Rawit Merah (Substitution Product)
• The cross elasticity between Cabai Merah Besar and Cabai Rawit Merah shows a result of 0.84. This value
indicates that Cabai Merah Besar can be a substitute for Cabai Merah Besar. When there is an increase in
the price of Cabai Merah Besar, the amount of Cabai Rawit Merah will decrease by 0.84, and the number
of requests for Cabai Rawit Merah increases.

• Cabai Merah Besar, as an inelastic product favored by the people of Jabodetabek, will indeed always be
sought for. However, when Cabai Merah Besar products are scarce, the Jabodetabek community can
replace them with Cabai Rawit Merah.

• Although Cabai Rawit Merah, as a substitute product, is more expensive than Cabai Merah Besar, Cabai
Rawit Merah can still replace the role of Cabai Merah Besar because of its spicy similarity. Besides, Cabai
Rawit Merah is an elastic commodity in supply, so that its availability in the Kramatjati Market is entirely
guaranteed for the Cabai Merah Besar substitution.
 Cross Elasticity Result

2. Cabai Merah Keriting (Main Product) and Cabai Rawit Merah (Substitution Product)
• • Cross elasticity between Cabai Keriting Merah and Cabai Rawit Merah shows a value of 23.37. This value
indicates that Cabai Rawit Merah can be a substitute for Cabai Keriting Merah. When there is an increase
in the price of Cabai Keriting Merah, the amount of Cabai Rawit Merah will decrease by 23.37, and the
number of requests for Cabai Rawit Merah will increase.

• Cabai Keriting Merah, even though it acts as an elastic product in supply and demand, there is still a risk
of scarcity when the monthly supply of Cabai Keriting Merah runs out, and the government is slow to
respond to import policies. When this happens, the Jabodetabek community can replace it with Cabai
Rawit Merah.

• Even though Cabai Rawit Merah, as a substitute product, is more expensive than Cabai Keriting Merah,
Cabai Rawit Merah can still succeed in the role of Cabai Merah Besar because of its similarity to spicy.
Also, Cabai Rawit Merah is an elastic commodity in supply, so that its availability in the Kramatjati Market
is quite guaranteed for the substitution of Cabai Keriting Merah.
 Cross Elasticity
3. Cabai Merah Besar (Main Product) and Bawang Merah (Complementary)

Harga Konsumen Cabai Merah Demand Cabai Merah Besar Demand Bawang Merah
Besar (Rp/kg) (kg/Weeks) (kg/Weeks)
34950,00 57242,50 491127,50
45750,00 52791,67 422120,83

Elastisitas Silang -0,45 <0 = Complementary

4. Cabai Merah Keriting (Main Product) and Bawang Merah (Complementary)

Harga Konsumen Cabai Merah Demand Cabai Merah Keriting Demand Bawang Merah
Keriting (Rp/kg) (kg/Weeks) (kg/Weeks)
28600,00 199137,50 491127,50
28916,67 151233,33 422120,83

Elastisitas Silang -12,69 <0 = Complementary

 Cross Elasticity Result

3. Cabai Merah Besar (Main Product) and Bawang Merah (Complementary)

• • Cross elasticity between Cabai Merah Besar and Bawang Merah shows a value of -0.45. This value
shows that Bawang Merah can be a complement of Cabai Merah Besar. Every price change from Cabai
Merah Besar causes the price of Bawang Merah to fall by 0.45.

• Bawang Merah can be a complement of Cabai Merah Besar because they are often used together for
spices (making chili sauce). The nature of the two commodities complements each other.

• Bawang Merah and Cabai Merah Besar are inelastic products in terms of supply and demand, so
substitutions should be sought when scarcity occurs in the two commodities.
 Cross Elasticity Result

4. Cabai Merah Keriting (Main Product) and Bawang Merah (Complementary)

• Cross elasticity between Cabai Merah Keriting and Bawang Merah shows the value of -12.69. This value
indicates that Bawang Merah can be a complement of Cabai Merah Keriting. Every price change from
Cabai Merah Keriting causes the price of Red Onions to fall by 12.69.

• Bawang Merah can be a complement of Cabai Merah Keriting because it is often used together for spices
(making chili sauce). The nature of the two commodities complements each other.

• Bawang Merah is inelastic products, and Cabai Merah Keriting is a supply and demand elastic product.
Jabodetabek people do not have to worry about the possible scarcity of Cabai Merah Keriting (although it
can still happen). However, people still need to look for other substitutes of shallots when insufficiency
occurs, so that Cabai Merah Keriting products still have complementary products that are commensurate
with Bawang Merah.
 SOURCES

Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. 2018. Buletin Pasokan dan Harga Pangan. Pusat Data Harga
Pangan Pusat Distribusi dan Cadangan Pangan Edisi April 2018
 
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. 2018. Buletin Pasokan dan Harga Pangan. Pusat Data Harga
Pangan Pusat Distribusi dan Cadangan Pangan Edisi Desember 2018
 
Kementerian Pertanian. 2019. Informasi Harga Komoditas Pertanian Kabupaten.
https://aplikasi.pertanian.go.id/smshargakab/loginentri.asp diakses pada tanggal 20 Maret 2019 pukul 20.57
 
Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis Nasional. 2019. Perkembangan Harga Cabe Rawit. https://hargapangan.id/tabel-
harga/pasar-tradisional/daerah diakses pada tanggal 19 Maret 2019 pukul 00.25
 
Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian. 2019. Buletin Konsumsi Pangan. Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian Volume 10
No. 1
 
Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian. 2019. Outlook Komoditas Cabai. Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian.

Yanuarti, Astri Ridha, dan Mudya Dewi Afsari. 2016. Profil komoditas barang kebutuhan pokok dan barang penting komoditas
cabai. Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian. Jakarta
THANK YOU

Regards,
SYNDICATE 1 / YPB61
•Meisya Azzura Nabila (29119019)
•Hanna Viany Octavia (29119141)
•Irfan Mirza Pratama (29119021)
•Arief Fathoni Argadian (29119019)