PERTEMUAN KE-4

Sieve Analysis

KUKUH MAHI SUDRAJAT, ST MT 1

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Standard Sieves

Sieve Opening
Sieve No.
(mm)
4 4.750
10 2.000
20 0.850
40 0.425
60 0.250
100 0.150
200 0.075

See text book (table 2.5)

 Percent Finer

Finer (Passing)
76.2 mm 100 %

Gravel 100 – 93 = 7% Gravel

4.75 mm 93 %

Sand 93 – 62 = 31% Sand

0.075 mm 62 %
Silt and Clay 62 – 0 = 62% Silt and Clay
Pan 0%
Cohesiveness

• Soils can also be divided into:

cohesive and non-cohesive

• Non-cohesive means the soil has no shear strength if

no
confinement.

• Cohesive soil contains clay minerals and posses

plasticity

• Clay is cohesive and plastic.

• Sand is non-cohesive and non-plastic.

Example: Sieve Analysis

100
90
80
70
Percent Finer %

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Particle Size (mm)
Example: Sieve Analysis

Log-Scale
Group Work
Particle-Size Distribution Curve
 Particle size distribution

 A .sieve analysis .
 B .Sedimentation analysis

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Particle size distribution
Mechanical sieve analysis

gravel fractions Sand fractions

A.Coarse grained soil Fine grained soil

B.80,40,20,10,4.75mm 2.36,2,1.7,1.18,600mic,425 mic,300mic,75 mic

C.Dry sieve analysis----

D.wet sieve analysis

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 Major Soil Groups

Cohesive Granular soils or

soils Cohesionless soils

Clay Silt Sand Gravel Cobble Boulder

0.002 0.075 4.75

Grain size (mm)

Fine grain Coarse grain

soils soils
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 Wet sieve analysis:
If the soil contains more than 5% of fines the
wet sieve analysis is necessary.
1.A sample is taken and dried in oven.
2.The dried sample is taken out in tray and
soaked with water.
3.If necessary mixed with deflocculating
agent.
4.Slurry is sieved through 4.75 mm

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5.the material retained on 4.75 mm is gravel
fraction.
6.The material passing is sieved through 75
micron sieve. It washed until wash water becomes
clear.
7.The material retained on 75 mic is dried &
sieved through 2.36 mm,2 mm,1.7 mm,1.18
mm,600 mic,300 mic & 75 mic.
the weight retained is analyzed.

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Purpose:
• This test is performed to determine the percentage of
different grain sizes contained within a soil.
• The mechanical or sieve analysis is performed to
determine the distribution of the coarser, larger-sized
particles, and the hydrometer method is used to
determine the distribution of the finer particles.
Significance:
• The distribution of different grain sizes affects the
engineering properties of soil.
• Grain size analysis provides the grain size distribution,
and it is required in classifying the soil. 15
Grain Size Distribution

Significance of GSD:
 To know the relative proportions of different
grain sizes.

An important factor influencing the

geotechnical characteristics of a coarse grain
soil.

Not important in fine grain soils.

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 Grain Size Distribution

Determination of GSD:
 In coarse grain soils …... By sieve analysis
In fine grain soils …... By Sedimentation analysis

hydrometer

stack of sieves

sieve shaker

soil/water suspension

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Sieve Analysis Hydrometer Analysis
Sieve Analyses

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Sieve Analysis

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Sieve Designation - Large

Sieves larger
than the #4
sieve are
designated by
the size of the
openings in
the sieve

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Sieve Designation - Smaller

Smaller sieves are 10

numbered 1- openings
according to the inch per inch
number of openings
per inch

# 10 sieve
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 Sieving procedure
(1) Write down the weight of each sieve as well as the
bottom pan to be used in the analysis.
(2) Record the weight of the given dry soil sample.
(3) Make sure that all the sieves are clean, and
assemble them in the ascending order of sieve
numbers (#4 sieve at top and #200 sieve at bottom).
Place the pan below #200 sieve. Carefully pour the
soil sample into the top sieve and place the cap over
it.
(4) Place the sieve stack in the mechanical shaker
and shake for 10 minutes.
(5) Remove the stack from the shaker and carefully
weigh and record the weight of each sieve with its
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retained soil. In addition, remember to weigh and

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 Data Analysis:
(1) Obtain the mass of soil retained on each sieve by
subtracting the weight of the empty sieve from the mass of
the sieve + retained soil, and record this mass as the weight
retained on the data sheet. The sum of these retained
masses should be approximately equals the initial mass of
the soil sample. A loss of more than two percent is
unsatisfactory.
(2) Calculate the percent retained on each sieve by dividing
the weight retained on each sieve by the original sample
mass.
(3) Calculate the percent passing (or percent finer) by
starting with 100 percent and subtracting the percent
retained on each sieve as a cumulative procedure.
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 Grain size distribution
100

80
% Finer

60

40

20

0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Particle size (mm)
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 Unified Soil Classification
To determine W or P, calculate Cu and Cc
D 60
Cu 
D10 x% of the soil has particles
D 302 smaller than Dx
Cc 
( D 60  D10 )
100

80
% F ine r

60

40

20

0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Particle size (mm)

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 Grading curves
100

80
% F ine r

60

40

20

0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Particle size (mm)

W Well graded

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 Grading curves
100

80
% F ine r

60

40

20

0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Particle size (mm)
W Well graded
U Uniform

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 Grading curves
100

80
% F ine r

60

40

20

0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Particle size (mm)
W Well graded
U Uniform
P Poorly graded
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 Grading curves
100

80
% F ine r

60

40

20

0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Particle size (mm)
W Well graded
U Uniform
P Poorly graded
C Well graded with some clay 32
 Grading curves
100

80
% F ine r

60

40

20

0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Particle size (mm)
W Well graded
U Uniform
P Poorly graded
C Well graded with some clay 33

F Well graded with an excess of fines

 100

80
hydrometer sieve
% Passing

60
fines sands gravels

40

D10 = 0.013 mm
20
D
30
D30 = 0.47 mm
D60 = 7.4 mm
0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Grain size (mm)

Grain Size Distribution Curve

 can find % of gravels, sands, fines

define D10, D30, D60.. as above.
 To determine W or P, calculate Cu and Cc
D 60
Cu 
D10 x% of the soil has particles
D 302 smaller than Dx
Cc 
( D 60  D10 )
100

80
% F ine r

60

40

20

0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Particle size (mm)
D90 = 3
35
mm
TERIMA KASIH

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