A

Seminar presentation
On
“Carbon NanTubes”
in partial fulfilment
for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
in
Mechanical Engineering

Guide: Mr. Ratnesh Submitted By: Daivik

Session: 2019-
Sharma Sharma
2020
Co-ordinator: Dr. B.K.
PGI16ME020 | 16ESDME021
Sharma
Department of Mechanical Engineering
 CONTENT
• WHAT IS CARBON NANOTUBE?
• HOW IS IT MADE?
• WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
• TECHNICAL DETAILS
• APPLICATIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• DRAWBACKS
• FUTURE SCOPE
• CONCLUSION
• DISCUSSION & QUERIES
 Carbon
NanoTubes
 IT WAS DISCOVERED IN 1991

CNT IS A SMALL CYLINDRICAL TUBE LIKE CARBON

STRUCTURE MADE OUT OF GRAPHENE

THESE TUBES COMPRISES OF HEXAGONAL

WHAT IS STRUCTURE

CNT? THEY ARE AVAILABLE IN 3 FORMS:

⚬SINGLE WALLED:- WRAPPING OF 1 ATOM THICK
LAYER INTO SEAMLESS TUBE LIKE CYLINDER

⚬DOUBLE WALLED:- THEY HAVE 1 CONCENTRIC

NANOTUBE INSIDE ANOTHER

⚬MULTI WALLED
 CURRENT METHODS:
• ARC DISCHARGE METHOD
• LASER METHOD
• CATALYZED CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION

HOW'S IT • BALL MINING

MADE? PROSPECTIVE METHODS:

• FLAME SYNTHESIS
• ELECTROLYSIS
• USE OF SOLAR ENERGY
• HEAT TREATMENT OF A POLYMER
 • EASIEST & SIMPLEST
• REQ. PURIFICATION
• HIGH QUALITY YIELD

ARC • MILIGRAMS RANGE

DISCHARGE
• NOT SCALABLE

METHOD PROCESS:
1) 2 CARBON RODS, PLACED END TO END IN AN
INERT GAS ENVIRONMENT

2)THE DISCHARGE VAPORIZES THE SURFACE OF ONE

ROD & FORMS DEPOSITS ON OTHER END
 • TO FULFIL THE NEED FOR IMPROVED
PERFORMANCE MATERIALS WITH SMALLER SIZE
• THEY PAVED THE WAY FOR NANO-SCIENCE STUDY

WHY IS • IMPERATIVE TO REDUCE OUR CARBON FOOTPRINT

IT
• TACKLE PREDICAMENTS RELATED TO MEDICAL
FIELD
IMPORTANT? • CAN BECOME A SUITABLE REPLACEMENT FOR
CARBON FIBRE
• IT IS REVOLUTIONIZING MATERIAL SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY
 MECHANICAL:
• STRONGEST & STIFFEST IN TERMS OF TENSILE
STRENGTH & ELASTIC MODULUS
• STRENGTH IS DUE TO COVALENT SP2 BONDS
FORMED BETWEEN CARBON ATOMS
• SPECIFIC STRENGTH IS UPTO 48,000KN-M/KG
TECHNICAL
ELECTRICAL:
DETAILS • CNTS ARE EITHER METALLIC OR SEMI-
CONDUCTING
• MAX CURRENT DENSITY IS 1,013 A/M2

ELASTIC BEHAVIOUR:
• YOUNG'S MODULUS IS ~1TPa
• MAX TENSILE STRENGTH IS ~100GPa
 • USED AS IMPLANTS IN FORM OF ARTIFICIAL JOINTS
TO REDUCE HOST REJECTION RESPONSE
• USED IN DRUG DELIVERY FOR SPECIFIED CANCER
RECEPTOR
• USED IN ELECTRODES IN CAPACITORS & BATTERIES

APPLICATIONS • USED AS FILTERS IN AIR & WATER FILTRATION

DEVICES
• USED FOR STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT BY
AMALGAMATION INTO OTHER MATERIALS
• DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHT WEIGTH KEVLAR
• ENHANCING SPORTING GOODS
 • EXTREMELY SMALL AND LIGHTWEIGHT
• RESOURCES REQUIRED TO PRODUCE THEM ARE
PLENTIFUL

ADVANTAGES • RESISTANT TO TEMPERATURE CHANGES

• EXCELLENT THERMAL & ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
• HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH
• ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY
 • DESPITE ALL THE RESEARCH, SCIENTISTS STILL DON'T
UNDERSTAND EXACTLY HOW THEY WORK
• EXTREMELY SMALL, SO ARE DIFFICULT TO WORK WITH
• CURRENTLY, THE PROCESS IS RELATIVELY EXPENSIVE
TO PRODUCE THE NANOTUBES

Drawbacks • WOULD BE EXPENSIVE TO IMPLEMENT THIS NEW

TECHNOLOGY IN AND REPLACE THE OLDER
TECHNOLOGY IN ALL THE PLACES THAT WE COULD
• AT THE RATE OUR TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN
BECOMING OBSOLETE, IT MAY BE A GAMBLE TO BET
ON THIS TECHNOLOGY
FUTURE
SCOPE
Future scope of CNT can be very well shown from the
graph although CNTs have been around for 30 years
they have only really picked up in terms of tech &
practicality in recent years.
It's already been showcased that CNTs have plethora of
applications spreading over numerous fields and with
time CNTs can prove to be best asset in technology.
 • AS OF TODAY CNT HAVE BEEN AROUND FOR MORE
THAN 30 YEARS
• GIVEN THEIR PLETHORA OF APPLICATIONS IN
WIDESPREAD OF FIELDS THEY ARE OF VITAL
IMPORTANCE

CONCLUSION • IN PRESENT TIME SYNTHESIZATION OF CNTS IS

EXPENSIVE WITH MEDIOCRE RESULT
• NEWER METHODS FOR SYNTHESIZTION ARE BEING
DEVELOPED THAT CAN HELP SCALE THE
PRODUCTION AS WELL AS HELP IN REDUCING THE
PRODUCTION COST
DISCUSSION
&
QUERIES