Last Home Coming and Trial

Last Home Coming

October 8, 1896- Rizal learned that
the Madrid papers were full of stories
regarding the revolutions in the
Philippines and he was blamed from it.
October 11, 1896- Rizal’s diary was
confiscated during his way to Port
Said, his cabin was searched nothing
significant was found. On November 2,
1896 his diary was returned.
Unsuccessful Rescue in
Singapore
Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez
dispatch telegrams to an English lawyer in
Singapore named Hugh Fort to rescue Rizal, by
means of writ of habeas corpus
When the Spanish steamer arrived Atty. Fort
instituted proceedings at the Singapore Court for
the immediate removal of Rizal from the said
steamer.
Chief Justice Loinel Cox denied the writ of
habeas corpus on the ground because the
steamer carry Spanish troops hence it is a warship
of foreign power which under the international law
was beyond the jurisdiction of Singapore
Authorities
Arrival in Manila
November 3, 1896- Rizal arrived at Manila,
he was transferred to Fort Santiago
Spanish authorities gather evidence against
Rizal while Deodato Arellano, Dr. Pio
Valenzuela, Moises Salvador, Jose
Dizon, Domingo Franco, Temoteo Paez,
and Pedro Serrano Laktaw were brutally
tortured to implicate Rizal
Rizal owned brother, Paciano, was also
arrested and tortured but never said
anything against his younger brother.
Preliminary Investigation
November 20, 1896- preliminary investigation
was conducted.
Rizal as the accused appeared before Judge
Advocate, Colonel Francisco Olive. He was
subjected to a 5 day investigation, Rizal was
informed about his charges and been given the
chance to answer the questions they have on
him though he was never permitted to confront
those people who testified against him.
Two Evidences presented against him, namely
documentary and testimonial.
Documentary Evidences:
A letter from Antonio to Mariano Ponce dated
Madrid October 16, 1888, showing Rizal
connection with the Filipino reform campaign in
Spain.
A letter of Rizal to his family, dated Madrid, August
20, 1890, stating that the deportations are good
for they will encourage the people to hate tyranny.
A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato
Arellano, dated Madrid, January 7, 1889,
implicating Rizal in the propaganda movement
campaign in Spain.
A poem entitled Kundiman , allegedly written by
Rizal in Manila on September 12, 1891
 A letter from Carlos Oliver to an unidentified
person, dated Barcelona, September 18, 1891,
describing Rizal as the man to free the Philippines
from Spanish oppression.
 A masonic lodge document, dated Manila, February
9, 1892, honoring Rizal for his patriotic services.
A letter signed Dimasalang ( Rizal’s pseudonym) to
Tenlunz (Juan Zulueta’s pseudonym), dated
Hongkong, May 24, 1892, stating that he was
preparing a safe refuge for Filipinos who may
persecuted by the Spanish authorities.
A letter to Dimasalang to an unidentified committee,
dated Hongkong, June 1, 1892, soliciting the aid of
the committee in the “patriotic work”
An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of
Hongkong Telegraph, censuring the banishment of Rizal
to Dapitan.
A letter to Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila,
informing an unidentified correspondent of the arrest
and the banishment of Doroteo Cortes and Ambrosio
Salvador.
A letter to Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz
(Juan Zulueta), dated Madrid, June 1, 1893
recommending the establishment of a special
organization, independent of Masonry, to help the
cause of the Filipino people.
Transcript of a speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto) in a
reunion to a Katipunan on July 23, 1893, in which the
following cry uttered “Long Live the Philippines! Long
Live Liberty! long live Dr. Rizal Unity!”
Transcript of speech of Tik-Tik (Jose Turiano
Santiago) in the same Katipunan reunion where
in the katipuneros shouted “ Long Live the
eminent Dr. Jose Rizal! Death to the oppressor
nation!”
A poem by Laong Laan (Jose Rizal) entitled
Talisay, in which the author makes Dapitan
schoolboys sing that they know how to fight of
their rights.
The testimonial evidence consisted of the oral
testimonies of Martin Constantino, Aguedo del
Rosario, Jose Reyes, Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon,
Domingo Franco, Deodato Arellano, Ambrosio
Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Dr. Pio
Valenzuela, Antonio Salazar, Francisco Quison,
and Timoteo Paez
November 6, 1896- after the investigation, Col. Olive
transmitted the records of the case to Gov. Gen.
Ramon Blanco, and the letter appointed Capt.
Rafael Dominguez as special Judge advocate to
institute the corresponding action against Rizal.
Dominguez made a brief resume of the charges and
returned the papers to the Governor General, who
thereupon transmitted them to the Judge Advocate
General Don Nicholas de la Peña for an opinion.
Peña submitted the following
reccomendations:
The accused should be immediately brought to
trial
He should be kept in prison
An order of attachment be issued against his
property to the amount one million pesos as an
indemnity, and
He should be defended in court by an army
officer, not by a civilian officer.
Rizal’s defender:
Rizal chooses a defense council which is the
only right given to him by the Spanish
authorities
December 8, 1896 (Feast day of the
Immaculate Conception) 100 first and
second lieutenants in the Spanish Army was
presented to Rizal
Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade (1st liutenant)
chosen by Rizal to be his defense, he was
the brother of Jose Taviel de Andrade his
previous bodyguard.
Charges to the accused
December 11- charges were formally read to
Rizal
He was accused of being ‘ the principal
organizer and the living soul of the
Filipino insurrection, the founder of
societies, periodicals and books dedicated
to fomenting and propagating ideas of
rebellion’
He pleaded not guilty to the crime of rebellion
December 13 – Dominguez forwarded Rizal’s
case to Malcanan, same day General Camilio G.
de Polavieja became Governor General. One of
the intriguing what ifs of history
Manifesto to Some Filipinos
Submitted on Dec 15
To inform the people that he condemned
the rebellion because he wanted their
liberties to be attained through education
and industry. For reforms to be fruitful,
they must come from 'those from above’.
Was not published, Judge Advocate General
Nicolas de la Pena recommend Governor
General Polavieja that the manifesto be
suppressed.
Trial of Rizal
December 25, 1896 - was the saddest
Christmas of Rizal. He wrote a letter to
Lt. Taviel Andrade
December 26 – 8:00 am, the court
martial of Rizal started in the military
building called “Cuartel de Espana”
Members of military court
1. Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona (president)
2. Capt. Ricardo Munoz Arias
3. Capt. Manuel Reguera
4. Capt. Santiago Izquierdo Osorio
5. Capt. Braulio Rodriguez Nunez
6. Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano
7. Capt. Fermin Perez Rodriguez
Present
Dr. Rizal
Lt. Taviel de Andrade
Capt. Rafael Dominguez (Judge Advocate)
Lt. Enrique de Alcocer (Prosecuting
Attroney)
Spectators (Josephine Bracken)
De Andrade in defense, delivered
an impressive speech and claimed
that the guilt of Rizal has not been
legally established.
Rizal supplemented his defender’s
points in detail
(12 points)
Polavieja signs Rizal’s
execution
Same afternoon (Dec 26), death
sentence was passed unanimously. The
decision was submitted to Gov. Gen.
Polavieja, who sought the opinion of
Judge Advocate General Nicolas de la
Pena, who affirmed the death verdict.
On Dec 28, Gov. Gen Polavieja approved
the sentence, ordering Rizal be
executed and be shot two days later at
7 a.m. at Bagumbayan Field, Luneta