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Introduction to Business
Exhibit Organization as an Open System
Exhibit : Levels of Organizational
Strategy
Exhibit: Managerial Levels
1–4
Exhibit Skills Needed at Different Management Levels
1–5
Exhibit The External Environment
Business Life Cycle
RESOURCES,
CAPABILITIES,
CORE COMPETENCIES,
AND ACTIVITY ANALYSIS
ORGANIZATIONAL
CAPABILITIES
RESOURCES
Tangible Intangible
Organizational Capabilities
• Human
• Technological
• Reputational
Valuable Resources and Competencies:
The key to Competitive Advantages
Appropriatability
Scarcity
Demand
Controlling(4)
• Many different individuals and groups and activities -> Senior Management’s
responsibility is to devise integrating methods and processes
Managers: Achieving Effectiveness
• Planning and Organizing provide guidelines and
directives in the form of:
• Strategic, Annual & Operational Plans, Strategies, Actions
• Job Descriptions
• Organization charts
• Policies, guidelines and procedures
• Some other managerial skills also identified include managing human capital (Refers
to: Knowledge (know what), Advanced skills (know how), System understanding and
creativity (know why), Motivation to deliver high-quality products and services (care
why)), inspiring commitment, managing change, using purposeful networking, and
so forth.
Benchmarking
Exhibit 18–7 Managerial Decisions in the Control Process
18–33
Exhibit Steps in Benchmarking
Source: Based on Y.K. Shetty, “Aiming High: Competitive Benchmarking for Superior Performance,”
Long Range Planning. February 1993, p. 42.
Interaction of
Individual, Teams, Organizational Effectiveness
• Leaders are needed today to challenge the status quo, create visions of the
future, and inspire organizational members to want to achieve the visions.