DISASTER MANAGEMENT

SREEDEVI.T.SURESH
2ND yearM.Sc Nursing
DEFINITIONS OF DISASTER
 
• A disaster can be defined as any occurrence
that cause damage, ecological disruption,
loss of human life, deterioration of health
and health services on a scale, sufficient to
warrant an extraordinary response from
outside the affected community or area.
(WHO)
 CONT…
• A disaster can be defined as an occurrence
either nature or manmade that causes
human suffering and creates human needs
that victims cannot alleviate without
assistance
(American red cross)
 Disaster Alphabetically Means

• D – Destructions
• I – Incidents
• S – Sufferings
• A - Administrative, Financial Failures. S –
Sentiments
• T – Tragedies
• E - Eruption of Communicable diseases.
• R - Research programme and its implementation
 DISASTER NURSING

• It can be defined as the adaptation of

professional nursing skills in recognizing
and meeting the nursing, physical and
emotional needs resulting from a disaster.
• “Disaster Nursing is nursing practiced in a
situation where professional supplies,
equipment, physical facilities and utilities
are limited or not available”.
 GLOBAL SCENARIO

• Any disaster is a second major human

problem after war. Approximately 20 major
disasters strike the world yearly. Most
common are floods, cyclones and
earthquakes.
• The Asia-Pacific region witnesses a large
number of natural disasters. It reports
around 60% of total disasters in the
subcontinent.
YEAR TYPE PLACE DEATH
Flood Kerala
2018 450 person or
more,Rs.40billion
property damage

2014 Flood Kashmir,Srinagar, 500 plus

Bandipur,
2013 Flash flood Utharankkand,west 5000 plus
neppal,himachal pradesh

Andhra, Tamilnadu, 10,749 and

2004 Tsunami Andaman &Nicobar  
island, Kerala,
Pondicherry 5460 missing
2004 Flood Assam, Bihar, Gujarat N.A

2001 Earth-quake Bhuj, Gujarat 16480 killed and 144,927

injured.
32 and 100 injured
1999 Fire Delhi
2000
1999 Super cyclone Orissa
8000 and 14000 injured
1993 Earth-quake Latur,Maharashtra
1000
1991 Earth-quake Garhwar, Uttaranchal
 TYPES OF DISASTER

• NATURAL DISASTERS

• MAN-MADE DISASTERS
 Types of natural Disaster

Metrological

Environmental
Topographical
Natural
Disaster
 Types of Man-made
Disasters

• TECHNOLOGICAL

• INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

• SECURITY RELATED
CHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTER
 

• Predictability
• Controllability

• Speed of Onset
• Length of forewarning

• Duration of impact
• Scope and intensity of impact
 PHASES OF DISASTER

PREIMPACTED PHASE

IMPACT PHASE

POST IMPACT PHASE

 Challenges to disaster
planning:
 
Communication problems
• Triage, transportation, and evaluation
problem
• Leadership issues.
• The management, security of and
distribution of resources at the disaster
site.
 Cont..
• Advance warning systems and the
effectiveness of warning messages
• Coordination of search and rescue
efforts.
• Media issues.
• Effective triage of patients
 Cont…
• Distribution of patients to hospitals in an
equitable fashion.
• Patient identification and tracking.
• Damage or destruction of the health care
infrastructure.
• Management of volunteers, donations,
and other large numbers of resources
 DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
• Disaster management is the responsibility
of all spheres of government.
• Disaster management should use
resources that exist for a day-to-day
purpose.
• Organizations should function as an
extension of their core business.
 Cont…
• Individuals are responsible for their own
safety
• Disaster management planning should
focus on large-scale events
• Disaster management planning should
recognize the difference between
incidents and disasters
 Cont..
• Disaster management operational
arrangements are additional to and do
not replace incident management
operational arrangements
• Disaster management planning must take
account of the type of physical
environment and the structure of the
population.
 Cont…
• Disaster management arrangements must
recognise the involvement and potential
role of non- government agencies.
 OTHER PRINCIPLES
• Prevent the disaster
• Minimize the casualties
• Prevent further casualties
• Rescue the victims
• First aid
• Evacuate
• Medical care
• Reconstruction
 PHASES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
• Disaster Preparedness
• Disaster impact
• Disaster Response
• Rehabilitation

• Disaster Mitigation
 Disaster cycle
• Disaster Preparedness
• Disaster impact
• Disaster Response
• Rehabilitation

• Reconstruction
• Disaster Mitigation
 DISASTER-EFFECTS
 
• EFFECTS OF MAJORDISASTERS
• Deaths
• Disability
• Increase in communicabledisease
• Psychologicalproblems
• foodshortage
• Direct environmentalrisk
• Socioeconomiclosses
 Cont…

• COMMON INJURIES ASSOCIATED

WITH DISASTERS
• EMOTIONAL OR
PSYCHOLOGICALPROBLEMS
•  PROBLEMS IN VECTORCONTROL
 CONT..

• FOOD SHORTAGE LEADING TO

NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS

•  SHORTAGE OF DRUGS AND MEDICAL

SUPPLIES
•  
• ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTION
•  PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO A
DISASTER
•  
 DISASTER DRILL

• A disaster drill is an exercise in which

people simulate the circumstances of a

disaster so that they have an opportunity to

practice their responses.

• Disaster drills handle topics like what to do
when communications are cut off, how to
deal with lack of access to equipment, tools,
and even basic services like water and
power, and how to handle evacuations.
 BENEFITS
• Used to identify weak points in a
disaster response plan
• To get people familiar with the steps they
need to take so that their response in a
disaster will be automatic.
 ROLE OF NURSE IN
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• DISASTER PREPAREDNESS -NURSES
ROLE

•  To Facilitate preparation with community

• To provide updated record of vulnerable

populations within community

• Nurse leads a preparedness effort
• Nurse should have understanding of
community resources
• Disaster Nurse must be involved in
community organization
 DISASTER RESPONSE –
NURSES ROLE
 
• Nurse work a member of assessment team
• To be involved in ongoing surveillance
 DISASTER RECOVERY –
NURSES ROLE
 
• Successful Recovery Preparation
• Be vigilant in Health teaching
• Psychological Support
• Referral needed in emergency condition
• Nurse must be attentive in danger
• Alert regarding enviorment health