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 WHAT IS YOGA?

M Sanskrit word

M Derived from î


î venness of mind is called ?
µ
- TH GITA
 YOGA

Devine
(perfect)

Human being
(Imperfect)
 SCHOOL OF YOGA

‡ Dealing with physical strength

Hatha yoga

‡ Dealing with mental strength

Raja yoga

‡ The world is illusion but consider

Tantra yoga the path of divine
 YOGIC HISTORY
M arliest known Indus valley human
civilization
M History starts with 

between
200BC and 300BC
M written by PATANJALI, renown
philosopher and yoga teacher
M ntered the western world through the
work of SWAMI VIV
ANAND
TH PURPOS OF YOGA
M To achieve highest
potential
M To experience
enduring health and
happiness
M To improve the
quality of health
M To extend healthy,
productive years far
beyond the accepted
norms
 G N RAL CHARACT RISTIC OF
YOGIC PRACTIC S
M The main aim is to
achieve the highest level
of integration through
the control of the
modification of mind
M Involves the exercise of
all types of muscle of the
body
M Intra-abdominal and intra
thoracic pressure
changes from the basis of
yoga system
M Little expenditure of the energy

M Nature of yogic practices is psycho-

neurophysical

M People of all ages can exercises the yogic

practices easily
 RIS
OF YOGIC PRACTIC S
M Potential to cause
musculo-skeletal injury
M Potential to induce
arrhythmias
M Dehydration
M Fluctuation of the
hemodynamic parameters
M Thrombo-embolic
phenomenon due to
intimal tear resulting in
stroke
AUTONOMIC N RVOUS SYST M
AUTONOMIC N RVOUS SYST M
M Also known as the vegetative nervous
system
M Control homeostasis
M sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions
M sympathetic division is the division of the
autonomic nervous system that reacts to
danger or other challenges by
accelerating body processes
M Neurotransmitter ² norepinephrine
M Parasympathetic division is the division of
the autonomic nervous system that
moderates the excitatory effect of the
sympathetic division by slowing things
down
H ALTH
B N FITS
OF YOGIC
PRACTIC S
M
riyas Asanas, Pranayama and Dhyana
- Balance ndocrinal and Nervous control
- Increases Mind and Body Control
- Calm Relax Refresh
- Health , Happiness and Harmony
 FF CT ON N RVOUS SYST M

M Increase in alpha wave activity

M Sensory stimuli does not block the alpha

rhythm

M Better balance and synchrony in the

G
M Power spectral analysis of 24-hour G
study

- Increase in alpha/delta power

- Decrease in beta/alpha power
 V
  
 
M Unilateral forced nostril breathing
(UNFB)
Right
Improve
Left sided UFNB hemisphere
spatial skill
dominance

Left
Improve
Right sided UFNB hemisphere
verbal skill
dominance
M Galvanic skin response (GSR)
M Also called electro dermal response
( DR)
M Sympathetic activity following the stimulus
M Fall in the electrical resistance of the skin
M Lower activity and the greater stability
M Significant improvement in the fine
movements
 FF CT ON CARDIOVASCULAR
SYST M
M decreases Heart rate
and systemic BP
M increases
Cardiovascular
efficiency
M Increase in
cutaneous vascular
resistance
 FF CTS ON R SPIRATORY
SYST M
M Respiratory rate decrease
M Tidal volume increases
M Vital capacity increases
M Breath holding time
increases
M Maximum breathing
capacity increases
M Respiratory efficiency
increases and respiration
become more smooth
 FF CTS ON M TABOLIC RAT
M Slow down the metabolism
M There is no fall in the internal body
temperature
M Increases cardio respiratory efficiency
 FF CTS ON
N UROHORMONAL ACTIVITY

M regular yogic practices results in intrinsic

neurohormonal activity

- Decreases in urinary activity of catecholamine

- decreases Serum catecholamine, testosterone
and luteinizing hormone
- increases Urinary excretion of cortisol
- increase Thyroxine

- increases Oxytocin

- increases Prolactin

- Fasting blood glucose level decreases

- Glucocorticoid level decreases but acute

response is increases
îNight plasma melatonin level may be higherµ
 FF CTS ON S
L TAL
MUSCULAR SYST M
M MG activity
decreases
- increases Musculo-
skeletal flexibility and
joint range of
movements
- increases Strength and
resiliency
- increases ndurance
- increase nergy level
 FF CTS ON DIG STIV SYST M
M Helps the digestion by

- Increase blood flow to

GIT

- Stimulate peristalsis

- leads to more effective

elimination
 PSYCHOLOGICAL B N FITS
M increase Somatic and
kinesthetic
awareness
M Mood improves and
subjective wellbeing
M increases Social
adjustment
M decreases Anxiety
and depression
M decreases Hostility
 BIOCH MICAL B N FITS
M Profile improves indicating an antistress
and antioxidant effect important in the
prevention of degenerative diseases
- increases Haematocrit, haemoglobin, and
lymphocyte count
- decreases TLC
- increases Total serum proteins and vitamin C
- decreases Glucose and sodium level
M Lipid profile
- decreases Total cholesterol
- decreases Triglycerides
- decrease LDL and VLDL
- increases HDL
YOGA IN H ALTH AND
DIS AS
M Disease of the modern civilization due to
faulty life style
M Yoga is the best life style
 ORTHOP DIC PROBL M
M Used for cervical spondylosis and
backache
M Strengthening of the specific group of
muscles
M Improvement of the posture
 HYP RT NSION

M Reduce systolic and diastolic blood

pressure
M Restoration of the baroreceptor
sensitivity with autonomic readjustment
M Progressive reduction of sympatho
adrenal and renin angiotensin activity
 BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

M Reduce frequency of asthmatic attack

M Reduce requirement for medication
M Increase the peak expiratory flow rate
 CORONARY ART RY DIS AS
AND ISCH MIC H ART DIS AS

M Changes in the life style and yoga

M Angiographycally demonstrable reduction

in coronary heart disease
OB SITY AND BODY W IGHT
M A reliable indicator for body fat is body
mass index
M Helpful in management of obesity
M For one year practice of yoga help in
improvement in ideal body weight and in
body density
M Mechanism
- By excess calorie expenditure
- Life style modification
- Improvement in dietary habits
- Positive body mind equilibrium
 DIAB T S M LLITUS

M Tone and shape the body

M Improve posture and circulation
M Contribute to feeling of wellbeing
M Beneficial adjuvant for
NIDDM patients
M Reduce frequency of hyper glycemia
M Need for oral hypoglycemic

Neurohormonal modulation involving

insulin and glucagon activity
 CANC R R COV RY
M Depending on what parts of the body are
affected, what type of cancer person have,
and according to his physical abilities
yogic practice will be specific
M Helps to adjunct to medical treatment by
- ase the symptoms
- More energy
- Calm the mind
- Tools for accepting, loving and motivation.
PSYCHIATRIC DISTURBANC S
M Used for stress reduction and for
prevention and treatment of psychological
disturbances
M Yoga improves insomnia, tension headache
and irritable bowel or bladder
 ?
 
 
 
  


Parasympathetic nervous system dominates Sympathetic nervous system dominates

Subcortiacl regions of brain dominates Cortical regions of brain dominates
Normalization of muscle tone with less chance Increase muscle tone with chances of high risk
of injury injury
Low caloric consumption High caloric consumption
ffort is minimized, relaxed ffort is maximized
Breathing is natural and controlled Fatiguing
Balanced activity of opposing muscle group Imbalance activity of opposing muscle group
Non competitive, process oriented Competitive, goal oriented
Awareness is internal Awareness is external
Limitless possibilities for growth in self Boredom factor
awareness
 R FF R NC S
M Understanding medical physiology by RL
Bijalani
M Review of medical physiology by Ganong
M Text book of medical physiology by Indu

hurana
M Text book of physiology by A
Jain
M Human physiology by Gauyton & Hall
M www.webMD.com
M www.scribd.com
M www.elwire.com
M www.springerlink.com
M Indian journal of physiology and
pharmacology
M Health and health in yoga by sri arbindo
ashram
M Program of reversing heart disease by Dr
Dean Ornish
M Research contribution of Swami
Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana
Samsthana, Banglore
Thank
you