Communicating over the

Network

Network Fundamentals – Chapter 2

CCESC

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 Network Structure
 3 Common Elements of Communication
• message source
• the channel
• message destination

 Network (as pertained in the course)

data or information networks capable of carrying many different
types of communications
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 Message communication
Data is sent across a network in
small “chunks” called segments.

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 Message communication

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 Network Structure
 Components of a network
• hardware - visible components of the network platform
• software – services and processes

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 Network Structure
 End Devices and their Role in the Network
–End devices form interface with human network &
communications network
–End devices role: client, server, both client and server

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 Network Structure
Role of an intermediary device
–Regenerate and retransmit data signals
–Maintain information about what pathways exist through the
network and internetwork
–Notify other devices of errors and communication failures
–Direct data along alternate pathways when there is a link
failure
–Classify and direct messages according to QoS priorities
–Permit or deny the flow of data, based on security settings

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 Network Structure
Network media - the channel over which a message travels

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 Network Types
 Local Area Networks (LANs)
- A network serving a home, building or campus is considered a
Local Area Network (LAN)

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 Network Types
 Wide Area Networks (WANs)
- LANs separated by geographic distance are connected by a
network known as a Wide Area Network (WAN)

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 Network Types
 Internet –a global mesh of interconnected networks

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 Network Representations

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 Function of Protocol in Network
Communication
 A protocol is a set of predetermined rules used to
facilitate communication over data networks

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 The Role of Protocols

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 Protocol Suites and Industry Standards

A standard is a process or protocol that has been endorsed by

the networking industry and ratified by a standards organization
Ex: IEEE, IETF
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 Interaction of Protocols
 An example of the use of a protocol suite in network
communications is the interaction between a web
server and a web browser.

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 Technology independent Protocols
Many diverse types of devices can communicate using
the same sets of protocols. This is because protocols
specify network functionality, not the underlying
technology to support this functionality.

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 Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
 Benefits of using a layered model
• assists in protocol design
• fosters competition
• changes in one layer do not affect other layers
• provides a common language

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 Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
 TCP/IP Model - first layered protocol model for internetwork
communications; Internet Model; definitions of the standard and
the TCP/IP protocols are discussed in a public forum and publicly-
available set of documents called Requests for Comments (RFCs)

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 Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Untouched Message Travels through the Network

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 Protocol Data Units and Encapsulation

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 Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
 Process of sending and receiving messages

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 Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
 Explain protocol and
reference models
A protocol model
provides a model that
closely matches the
structure of a particular
protocol suite.

A reference model
provides a common
reference for
maintaining
consistency within all
types of network
protocols and services.
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 OSI Layer Model

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 Comparing TCP/IP and OSI Model

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 Addressing and Naming Schemes
Encapsulation headers are used to manage
communication in data networks.

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 Addressing and Naming Schemes
 Describe examples of Ethernet MAC Addresses, IP
Addresses, and TCP/UDP Port numbers

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 Addressing and Naming Schemes
 Explain how labels in encapsulation headers are used
to manage communication in data networks

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 Addressing and Naming Schemes

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 Summary

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 Packet Tracer Objectives (Ch 1 – Ch 2)
 Explore Packet Tracer Real-time mode
 Explore the Logical Workspace
 Explore Packet Tracer operation
 Connect devices
 Examine a device configuration
 Review the standard lab setup
 Overview of the devices
 Complete the Topology
 Add Simple PDUs in Realtime Mode
 Analyze PDUs in Simulation Mode
 Experiment with the model of the standard lab setup

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