Concept of Losses and Loss

Reduction Measures
 Concept of Losses
• Yardsticks for performance measurement of
Distribution Utility:

– T&D Loss (Transmission & Distribution Loss)

– AT&C Loss (Aggregate Technical & Commercial

Loss)
 T&D Loss
• T&D loss is the difference between Energy
Input and the energy billed to the consumers.
• It takes into account losses in the distribution
system including commercial losses upto the
point of billing
 AT&C Loss
• AT&C loss is the difference between energy input
and the energy for which revenue is actually
realized (Energy realized) from the consumer.
• It takes into account T&D loss and collection
efficiency.

%
 Loss Components

AT&C Loss

Technical Nontechnical

Internal External
Network Configuration Lack of MaintenanceMeter Reading
Connection Management Billing Field Vigilance
Collection & Credit Management
 Impact of Loss Component
Technical
Process Process Related People Related
Non-Standardized Poor Workmanship
network planning (Long
Feeder length,
Network Unbalancing, Overloading)
Configuration Poor Equipment Quality Deviating from standard norms to
DT Transformation Loss accommodate specific request
HT/LT Lie Loss
Equipment overheating
Lack of Leakage of electricity
Maintenance Improper maintenance planning
through faulty
instruments
 Impact of Loss Component
Non Technical - Internal
Process Process Related People Related
Connection Meter not installed Incorrect billing record
Management Ghost Consumers Improper data updation
Meter inaccessibility Wrong meter Reading
Absence of reading quality check
Meter
Reading Defective Meter Incorrect reading code
Intentional recording of wrong
Faulty Reading Instrument reading
Average Bill Error in database
Billing Bill not Delivered
Inadequate billing logic
Field Vigilance Hostile Consumer provide stiff Staff Collusion with conniving
resistance consumers
 Impact of Loss Component

Non Technical - External

Process Process Related People Related
Limited Collection Points
Consumer resistance to
Collection & Credit Inadequate Defaulter
Disconnection
Management follow-ups
Illegal restoration after
disconnection
 LCC Process
• LCC gets inputs from various sources like Meter Reading data,
Analysis of SAP consumption, Information through SMS, GIS
information, Mail from metering and division.
• Conducts regular drives based on these information.
• Conducts night drive in urban areas.
• Mass drive organized in various areas with police.
• Tools used as Digital camera, Accu-check, Mobile Mapper,
Clamp-on meter etc.
F
 Electricity Act and Norms

Section 135:
• Deals with cases of
– Direct theft by illegal connection from overhead or underground line/
cables.
– Tamper meter
– Damage apparatus to interfere accurate metering
– Purpose other than for which electricity is authorized
• FIR can be lodged with this section.
• Case filed in special court for non recovery of penal amount
 Electricity Act and Norms
Section 126:
• Deals with unauthorized use of electricity as :
– Purpose other than for which electricity is authorized
– Premises other than for which electricity is authorized
– Through a tamper meter
• Assessment officer issue final bill hearing of consumer
• Due date of 15 days provided to consumer for submission of
assessment bill.
• Supply get disconnected if not paid after 15 days.
• Consumer may appeal to appellate authority if not satisfied
after submitting 50% of assessed amount.
Electricity Act and Norms
 UP Electricity Supply Code 2005
• Clause 6.8: Procedure for inspection, provisional
assessment, hearing and final assessment in case of
unauthorized use of electricity u/s 126 of the act.
• Clause 8.1: Procedure for inspection, provisional
assessment, hearing and final assessment in case of
theft of electricity u/s 135 of the act.
• Annexure 6.3: Assessment of cases u/s 126 and u/s
135 of Act
 Assessment of Theft & UUE
• Unit assessed = L * F * D * H
L = Connected Load (KW/KVA)
F = Connected Load Factor
D = Period of Theft / UUE (Days)
H = Actual Supply Hours/ Day
• The unit assessed shall be charged at 2 times the rate per unit
of the applicable tariff category.
• The amount paid by the consumer for energy consumption in
assessment period shall be adjusted.
 Assessment of Theft & UUE
F = Connected load Factor for different type of supply is given
below:
a. For domestic consumers = 0.3
b. For non domestic consumers = 0.5
c. For small & medium power consumers = 0.5
d. For large & heavy power consumers = 0.75
e. Agriculture = 0.3
f. Category not covered above = 0.5
Only for direct theft F = 1.0
Direct theft means supply is connected directly and no meter is
installed.
 Assessment of Theft & UUE
• D = Period during which such UUE / Theft has been taken
place.
• If this period is not ascertained shall be limited to 365 days.
• Period may be ascertain from
– Tamper event date
– Meter change date
– Any other evidence acquired from site.
 Assessment of Theft & UUE
• H = Actual nos of hour supply per day to the
concerned feeder Or average nos of hours if actual
data is not available.
• Average nos of hours for different categories:
– Single shift industry & agriculture : 10 Hrs
– Non domestic : 20 Hrs
– Continuous process industry : 24 Hrs
– Domestic : 8 Hrs
– Temporary Connection : 12 Hrs
 Types of LCC Case
• There are two types of cases register by LCC
• Direct Theft:
– Direct tapping from overhead or underground lines / cables.
– Tampering service cable
• Unauthorized Abstraction of Energy (UAE)
– Meter bypass
– Meter tampered
– Shunt in meter terminal
• Unauthorized Use of Electricity (UUE):
– Purpose of supply is different form authorized.
– Extension of supply to premises / areas other than authorized.
– Tampered meter (incriminating evidence not available)
 Types of Electricity Theft
Modus operandi of Electricity Theft

• Direct Theft
– Illegal tapping from overhead line.
– Illegal tapping from underground line.
 Types of Electricity Theft
Modus operandi of Electricity Theft

• Bypassing of meter
– Taping from Service cable
– Shunt wire in meter terminal

• Tampering of meter
– Internal Tempering
– External tampering

23 23
 Types
Modus of Electricity
operandi of ElectricityTheft
Theft
Internal Tampering
• Voltage circuit tampered
– Potential Coil Open
– Injection of DC voltage
– Injecting reverse AC voltage
– Neutral Cut
• Current circuit tampered
– CT open by Using remote
– Phase neutral interchange
– CT wire cut
– Load main Interchange

24 24
 Types
Modus of Electricity
operandi of ElectricityTheft
Theft
External tampering
• External Tamper in electronics meter
– Meter stop by putting magnet on meter
– Burning the meter
– Figure reverse by ESD
• External Tamper in Ferrari meter
– Hole in meter body
– Glass refix
– Out of fixing

25 25
 Burnt Meter
Clause 5.8 of supply code 2005:
In case of meter burnt:
– Supply should be restored immediately
– Meter will be replaced within 3 days
– Excess load should be regularized within 30 days notice (clause 6.9)
• If possible meter shall be tested and if not possible to test
consumer shall be billed as per normal assessment (Clause
5.7d & 5.7f)
 Burnt Meter
Clause 5.9b (ii) of supply code 2005:
Burnt Meter
Device Meter Meter reading Unit Demand
reading date recorded (Kwh) (KVA)

NOPB0692 7/29/2016 18,455.5000 1655 28.42

NOPB0692 6/24/2016 16,800.5000 372.1 22.18

NOPB0692 5/24/2016 16,428.4000 1446.5 26.2

NOPB0692 4/24/2016 14,981.9000 1013.3 24.04

NOPB0692 3/25/2016 13,968.6000 684.1 23.26

NOPB0692 2/24/2016 13,284.5000 1572 25.6

NOPB0692 1/23/2016 11,712.5000 2277.2 26.24

NOPB0692 12/29/2015 9,435.3000 1515.2 27.74

NOPB0692 12/1/2015 7,920.1000 2070.8 27.72

NOPB0692 10/24/2015 5,849.3000 898.6 14.02

NOPB0692 9/26/2015 4,950.7000 2286.7 18

NOPB0692 8/25/2015 2,664.0000 1680.3 21.42

NOPB0692 7/26/2015 983.7000 983.7 23.92

NOPB0692 6/29/2015 0.0000 0  

 Consumption Monitoring
• Zero consumption cases
• High MD & Less Consumption
• Irregular Consumption pattern
• Tamper Event Analysis
• Analysis of Load Survey Data
Consumption Monitoring
Consumption Monitoring
 Consumption Monitoring
• Major Events in CMRI data
– CT Open
– CT Missing
– PT Missing
– CT Bypass
– CT Reversal
– Current Imbalance
– Voltage Imbalance
– Cover Open
– RTC fail
 Consumption Monitoring
PT Missing
 Consumption Monitoring
PT Missing
 Consumption Monitoring
• CT Open
Consumption Monitoring
Consumption Monitoring
Consumption Monitoring
Cover Open
Consumption Monitoring

Cover Open
Consumption Monitoring
Cover Open
 Preventive Vigilance

Better workmanship and contribution of each

employee on network vigilance.
 Preventive Vigilance

Improve Workmanship in meter installation

• Open Cable core out • No Cable core out

side box side box
• Access for theft • No Access for
 Preventive Vigilance
• Closing of meter box seal after fault attending:
 Preventive Vigilance
• Proper installation of Push-Fit Box
 Preventive Vigilance
Terminate LT ABC properly at the end pole:
 Preventive Vigilance
• Notice to illegal Encroachment
 Preventive Vigilance
• Proper closing and locking of Transformer LT
side Box cover.
 Preventive Vigilance
• Removal of Idle and Live Transformer:
 Preventive Vigilance
• Replacement of damaged DB
 Preventive Vigilance
• Some more points to vigil at site
– Report non consumer
– Metering of Unmetered consumer
– Traces of un registered shutdowns
– Vigil on high load consumers
– Repetitive meter burnt/ Faulty cases
Announcement Initiative
Thank You