A PROJECT ON “AUTOMATIC

WATER SPRINKLER BASED ON

WET AND DRY CONDITIONS”
• Contents:

 Aim
 Introduction
 Electronic circuit
 Solenoid valve
 Merits, demerits and applications
 Conclusion
 AIM
• The main aim of the project is to automate the
water sprinklers through the control of
solenoid valve and by the detection of soil
moisture condition.
 INTRODUCTION
• It is a simple system used to automate the
irrigation and watering of small crops and
grass lawns.
• This system does the control of soil moisture,
doing indications via LEDs.
• In case of dry soil it will activate the solenoid
valve for watering plants and vice versa.
S.V – Solenoid Valve S2
S1, S2 – Sprinklers
e1,e2 – Electrodes
e1

S1

e2
ELECTRONIC
S.V
CIRCUIT
1-ϕ Supply

Water Inlet
ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT
• Main parts of the electronic circuit :

 Regulated power supply

 Potentiometer
 Soil moisture resistance
 Temperature sensor
 Comparator
 TRIAC
 Relay
• Regulated Power Supply :

 It consists of a step down transformer which

steps down the input 230V AC to 12V AC and
it is passed to the bridge rectifier.
 Here, it is converted to 12V DC and given to a
capacitor filter which filters the ripples present
in the DC supply.
 Now it is regulated to 5V by a voltage
regulator as the comparator of the circuit
operates on 5V DC.
• Circuit Diagram of Regulated Power Supply :
• Potentiometer :

 Potentiometer is a variable resistor with a

third adjustable terminal. The potential at the
third terminal can be adjusted to give any
fraction of the potential across the ends of the
resistor.
 The function of the potentiometer here is to
send voltage to the soil moisture sensing
probes to detect the soil resistance.
Potentiometer Construction

Equivalent Circuit
• Soil Moisture Resistance :

 It consists of two electrodes / probes which

are inserted in soil to measures it’s resistance
and gives the output to the comparator.
 It’s working is given as follows :
S. No Soil Condition Soil Resistance Operation of Electrodes
1. Wet Low Close
2. Dry High Open
• Temperature Sensor { LM 35 }:

 It is used to detect the temperature of the

motor or solenoid valve.
 It’s temperature setting can be adjusted from
-55°C to 150°C.
 Here the temperature is set to 40°C. It means
the sensor switches off the supply in case the
temperature of the motor or solenoid valve
exceeds 40°C.
• Comparator { LM 358 }:

 Comparator is a device which compares the

incoming voltage and reference voltage.
 In the circuit it is connected to soil moisture
sensor and temperature sensor.
 The output from the soil moisture detecting
probes is fed to the comparator.
 It compares this output and reference voltage
continuously and generates logic high or low
signal.
 Now the output of comparator is fed to TRIAC.

IC LM 358 PIN Description

• TRIAC :

 TRIAC stands for “TRIode for Alternating

Current”.
 It’s electronic circuit is equivalent to “two
SCRs connected in anti-parallel”.
 The output of comparator is given to the
TRIAC and it is used to control the relay
operation
VI Characteristics of TRIAC
• Relay :

 A “Printed Circuit Board (PCB)” relay is a

switching device that switches ON / OFF
when a small external voltage is applied across
its control terminals.
 In the circuit only phase control is given to
the relay.
 Based on the logic high or low signal from
TRIAC, the relay opens or closes the phase
which is connected to solenoid valve.
A PCB Relay
 SOLENOID VALVE
• Solenoid valve is an electromechanically
operated valve.
• It works on the principle that “An electric
current through the coil creates a magnetic
field. The magnetic field exerts a force on the
plunger. As a result, the plunger is pulled
toward the centre of the coil so that the orifice
opens”.
• The working of a semi-direct 2-port solenoid
valve (NC) is shown in figure :

Closed position Opened position

• Ratings of the solenoid valve :

 Power rating: 2W
 Voltage: 220V
 Orifice: 15 mm
 Temperature: -5oC to 80oC
 Pipe Size: 1/2 inch (1.27 cm)
 Operating pressure:
Min  0 kg/cm2
Max  10 kg/cm2
 MERITS
• Automatic switching of Water pump.
• Simple electronic circuit.
• Automatic temperature and soil moisture
detection using sensors.
• Efficient design
• Low power consumption.
• Easy to install.
• Fast response.
 DEMERITS & APPLICATIONS
• Disadvantages:
 Limited distance of the irrigation field can be
covered.
 No feedback of the operated pump. 

• Applications:
 This system can be used for irrigation purpose.
 This system can be used for industrial purpose.
 It can also be used for gardening purpose.
 CONCLUSION
• Integrating features of all the hardware
components used have been developed in it.
Presence of every module has been reasoned out
and placed carefully, thus contributing to the
best working of the unit.
• Secondly, using highly advanced ICs with the
help of growing technology, the project has been
successfully implemented. Thus the project has
been successfully designed and tested.