RIO DECLARATION,

1992
HISTORY
 Stockholm Conference 1992-
environment became the major at world
level
 Establishment of UNEP
 Reaffirming the Declaration of the United
Nations Conference on the Human
Environment, 1972
 seeking to build upon it
Introduction
  informally known as the Earth Summit
  short document produced at the 1992 United Nations
 "Conference on Environment and Development"
(UNCED)
 consisted of 27 principles
 Aimed to guide countries in future 
sustainable development.
 signed by over 175 countries.
 Forced the people worldwide to rethink how their
lives affect natural environment and resources
and to confront a new environment that
determines the surroundings in which they live.
Preamble
 establishing a new and equitable global
partnership
 With the cooperation among states
 And key sectors of society, key sectors of
societies and people
 Working towards international agreements
 To protect the integrity of the global
environmental
 Recognizing the integral and
interdependent nature of the Earth
Outcome of United Nations "Conference on
Environment and Development" (UNCED)
 Rio Declaration on Environment and
Development
 27 principles – guide for sustainable development
 defining the rights and responsibility of the states
 Agenda 21
 A comprehensive blue print for global action to
affect the transition to sustainable development
 Forest Principle
 A set of principles to support the sustainable
management of forest wildlife.
 4. Two legally binding conventions
 CBD: Convention on biological diversity
 UNFCC: UN framework on Climate Change
 United Nation Convention to Combat
Desertification
Rio Declaration
 Short Document
 21 principles: important
 Principle 1: healthy and productive life in
harmony with nature
 Principle 2: sovereign right of the state
to exploit their own resources within
limits of national jurisdiction
 Principle 3: right to equitable
developmental needs.
 Principle 4: environmental protection shall
constitute an integral part of the development
process
 Principle 5: role of states and people in
eradicating poverty – to ensure sustainable
development , decrease disparities and
improve standards of living.
 Principle 6: development / special place to
least developed and environmentally
vulnerable
 Principle 7: Cooperation and global partnership
p to conserve, protect and restore the health
and integrity of the Earth's ecosystem
 Principle 8: States to reduce and eliminate
unsustainable patterns of production and
consumption.
 Principle 9: exchanges of scientific and
technological knowledge, and by enhancing the
development, adaptation, diffusion and transfer
of technologies, including new and innovative
technologies.
 Principle10: Access to info related to
environment held by public authorities, info of
hazardous material etc
 States role in encouraging public awareness
 Access to judicial and administrative proceedings
 Principle 11: Enactment of environmental
legislations
 Principle 12: Trade policy measures by
state, addressing transboundary or
global environmental problems
 Principle 13: States shall develop
national law regarding liability and
compensation for the victims of pollution
and other environmental damage.
 Public Liability Act
 Principle 14: To prevent the relocation and transfer to
activities and substances harmful to human health.
 Principle 15: Precautionary approach against threat .
 Principle 16: Polluter pays principles – Public Interest
 Principle 17: Environmental Impact Assesment – to
reduce significant adverse impact
 Principle 18: States’ duty to notify other states of
potential env hazard
 Principle 19: above: Prior and timely notification
 Principle 20: role and participation on women to
achieve sustainable development
 Principle 21 : role of youth
 Principle 22: role of indigenous people and their
commnities
 Principle 23: environment and natural
resources of people under oppression,
domination and occupation shall be
protected.
 Principle 24: warfare against environment
natural resources and sustainable
development
 Principle 25: Peace, development and
environmental protection are interdependent
and indivisible.
 Principle 26: dispute settlement
States shall resolve all their environmental
disputes peacefully and by appropriate 63
means in accordance with the Charter of the
United Nations.
 Principles 27: following the principles of
rio declaration in good faith.

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