Chapter

Chapter 55

Office
Office Environment
Environment

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
1 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Elements
Elements of
of the
the Office
Office Environment
Environment

Lighting
Lighting Acoustics
Acoustics

Condition
Condition of
of the
the
Color
Color Scheme
Scheme Air
Air

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
2 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Study of the relationship of
Ergonomics employees to their physical
environment.
Integrates several
disciplines

Psychology
Physiology
Sociology
Communication theories
Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
3 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Impact
Impact of
of Not
Not Paying
Paying Attention
Attention to
to
the
the Office
Office Environment
Environment
Employee productivity decreases.
Employee morale decreases.
Absenteeism and tardiness increase.
Error rates increase.
Physical well-being of employees may be jeopardized.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
4 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Repetitive motion injuries are becoming
more common

Carpal tunnel syndrome is most

prevalent of these injuries.

CTS results from the long-term

irritation of the tendons connecting
one’s hands and arm.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
5 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Electromagnetic radiation is caused by video
display terminals

Is thought to cause a higher-than-average

rate of miscarriage, cancer, birth
defects, and heart disease.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
6 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Computer vision syndrome is a result of
video display terminals

Occurs when the viewing requirements of the task

being performed exceed the visual capabilities
of the person performing the task.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
7 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Indoor air pollution results from improperly
designed building ventilation systems

Often results from a ventilation system

that has outgrown its capability.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
8 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Lighting
Physically Affects Psychologically
Employees

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
9 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Characteristics
Characteristics of
of Lighting
Lighting Systems
Systems

Equivalent
Equivalent Spherical
Spherical Measures the effective-
Illumination
Illumination ness of lighting systems.

Visual
Visual Comfort
Comfort Is a direct-brightness
Probability
Probability ratio.
Measures the quantity
Task
Task Illumination
Illumination of light at the work
surface.
Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
10 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Equivalent
Equivalent Spherical
Spherical Illumination
Illumination

Is influenced negatively by glares and reflections.

Is affected by the degree of contrast between the
work surface and the materials with which the
employee works.
Provides a measure of lighting uniformity.
An ESI of 40 or higher is recommended.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
11 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Visual
Visual Comfort
Comfort Probability
Probability

Is affected negatively by visible bright light or

visible reflectors.
Should be at least .70 for routine office work and
.90 when computers are used extensively in
the area.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
12 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Task
Task Illumination
Illumination

Is expressed in raw foot-candles, which is the

amount of light produced one foot from a
candle.
Most office work requires 100 to 150 foot-candles of
light.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
13 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Types
Types of
of Lighting
Lighting Systems
Systems

Direct

General diffuse Semi-direct

Semi-indirect Indirect

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
14 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Direct
Direct Lighting
Lighting

90-100 percent
90-100 percent of
of the
the illumination
illumination isis
directed downward
directed downward to to work
work surface.
surface.

Creates glares,
Creates glares, reflections,
reflections, and
and shadows.
shadows.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
15 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Semi-direct
Semi-direct Lighting
Lighting

60-90 percent
60-90 percent ofof light
light isis directed
directed down-
down-
ward, with
ward, with remainder
remainder directed
directed upward
upward
and then
and then reflected
reflected back
back downward.
downward.

Shadows are
Shadows are less
less of
of aa problem
problem with
with
direct lighting
direct lighting systems.
systems.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
16 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Indirect
Indirect Lighting
Lighting

90-100 percent
90-100 percent of of light
light isis directed
directed upward,
upward,
which then
which then isis diffused
diffused and
and isis reflected
reflected
downward.
downward.

Eliminates most
Eliminates most shadows
shadows and
and glares.
glares.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
17 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Semi-indirect
Semi-indirect Lighting
Lighting

60-90 percent
60-90 percent of
of the
the light
light isis directed
directed up-
up-
ward and
ward and then
then reflected
reflected downward.
downward.

Remainder of
Remainder of light
light isis directed
directed downward.
downward.

Shadows and
Shadows and glare
glare are
are more
more problematic
problematic
than with
than with indirect
indirect lighting.
lighting.
Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
18 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 General
General Diffuse
Diffuse

40-60 percent
40-60 percent ofof light
light isis directed
directed to
to work
work
surface with
surface with remainder
remainder reflected
reflected down-
down-
ward.
ward.

Shadows and
Shadows and glare
glare are
are more
more noticeable
noticeable
than with
than with semi-indirect.
semi-indirect.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
19 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Task/ambient Uses lighting fixtures mounted
Lighting in the furniture.

Illuminates the work Task Is frequently

surface. directed downward.

Illuminates the area Ambient Is frequently

surrounding the work directed upward.
surface.
Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
20 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Kinds
Kinds of
of Lighting
Lighting

Natural
Natural Not very dependable.
Continues to be the most common
Fluorescent
Fluorescent type of lighting system.

Incandescent Is not as efficient as fluorescent

Incandescent lighting.
High-intensity
High-intensity Sometimes distorts colors.
discharge
discharge
Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
21 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Kinds
Kinds of
of Automatic
Automatic Light
Light Control
Control Systems
Systems

Measures the amount of illumina-

Photocell tion in an area and adjusts
accordingly.
Senses the presence of people
Sensor in an area and turns lights on
automatically.

Technology turns lights on and

Computer
off at predetermined times.
Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
22 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Has both a physical and
Color psychological impact on humans.

Psychologically, color
affects

Productivity
Fatigue
Morale
Attitudes
Tension
Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
23 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 In designing a suitable
color scheme, consider

Color combinations
Effect of light on color
Reflectance value of color
Impact of color

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
24 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Acceptable
Acceptable Color
Color Coordination
Coordination Schemes
Schemes

Opposite each other on

Complimentary
the color chart.

Split Colors on either side of a

Complimentary complementary color.

Three colors equally

Triad distant from one another
on the color chart.
Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
25 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Effect
Effect of
of Light
Light on
on Color
Color

Different types of artificial lighting have

different color spectrums.
Fluorescent lighting does not enhance reds and
oranges.
Incandescent lighting does not enhance purple
and blue schemes.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
26 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Reflectance
Reflectance Value
Value of
of Color
Color

Various colors possess different reflectance

values.
Lighter colors tend to reflect a greater percentage
of light than do darker colors.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
27 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Impact
Impact of
of Color
Color

Colors tend Cool colors create calm and

retiring moods.
to create
Warm colors create warm and
different moods cheerful moods.
Natural tints are mildly
stimulating.
Deep purple and pale violet can
create depressing moods.
Gray has a sleep-inducing
Administrative Office Management, 8/e effect. ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
28 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Is the unit measure of sound and
Decibel is the smallest change in sound
detectable by the human ear.

Maximum decibel in an
office should be 90.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
29 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Ways
Ways to
to Control
Control Office
Office Noise
Noise
Proper
Proper Includes controlling airborne and
Construction structural sounds.
Construction
Includes proper use of ceiling,
Sound-absorbing
Sound-absorbing floor, wall, and window-covering
Materials
Materials materials.
Sound-absorbing Includes putting covers on
Sound-absorbing equipment that creates consider-
Devices
Devices able noise.
Masking
Masking Includes blending office noise that
Technique
Technique creates considerable noise.
Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
30 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Conditioning
Conditioning of
of the
the Air
Air Considerations
Considerations
Air
Air Ideal working temperature is
Temperature 68 degrees F.
Temperature
Humidity
Humidity Optimum level is 50 percent.
Level
Level
Circulation of
of Adequate exchange rate is 25
Circulation cubic feet of air per minute per
the Air
the Air person.
Cleanliness of
of Involves installing air purification
Cleanliness systems that remove germs, dust
the Air
the Air and dirt.
Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
31 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Benefits
Benefits of
of Music
Music

1. Helps increase job satisfaction and

productivity.
2. Helps reduce boredom and monotony.
3. Helps relieve mental and physical fatigue.
4. Helps reduce nervous tension and strain.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
32 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Components
Components of
of an
an Energy
Energy Conservation
Conservation Program
Program

Energy Conservation
Committee
Energy Efficiency
Study
Conservation
Goals

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
33 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
 Office
Office Security
Security Dimensions
Dimensions

Protection of the Protection of the

organization’s organization’s
physical property. vital information.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

by Zane Quible Pearson Prentice Hall
34 Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458