Lecture-1: Introduction

Introduction to Computer Programming

(ICP)

MUHAMMAD AHMAD
 Some Ground Rules
 Let’s make this educational and enjoyable.
 It’s a big class, and it’s easy for things to get out of hand,
so please…
 Let me do the talking
 Raise hands for questions and no whispering
 Listen to other people’s questions.
 Be here.
 Be here on time.
 How to survive this course
• Material sound strange and difficult, but they are not.
• Practice, Practice & Practice
• Do not leave everything to the exam night!.
• Not copy the homework!, try them by yourself.
• Assignment (avoid plagiarism*) and meet deadlines
• Dead lines are always FINAL
• Unannounced quiz! So be prepared
• Minimum attendance (80% ) required to sit in the exam
 Objective of this Course

Students will learn in this course programming principles

and techniques that are required to develop applications to
solving different practical problems. At the end of this
course students will be able to write useful and efficient
software programs to solve basic computing problems.
 The Aims
• Teach/learn
• Fundamental programming concepts
• Problem solving
• Key useful techniques
• Basic Standard C/C++ facilities
• After the course, you’ll be able to
• Write substantial C++ programs
• Read much larger programs
• Learn the basics of many other languages by yourself
• Proceed with an “advanced” C++ programming course
• After the course, you will not (yet) be
• An expert programmer
• A C++ language expert
• An expert user of advanced libraries

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 Contact me

• Office hours (8:30-4:30) CS department

• mahmad@cuisahiwal.edu.pk

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• Recommended Books
• Programming principles and Practices using C++ by Bjarne Stroustrup,
Addison-Wesley, 2008
• Starting out with C++, by Tony Gaddis, 6th edition

• Reference books
• C Programming using Turbo C++ by Robert Lafore
• Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton’s 7th edition
 Grading Policy

• First Sessional (10 Marks)

• Second Sessional (15 Marks)
• Assignments, Quizzes and Project + Presentation (25 Marks)
• Final Exam (50 Marks)
 Today We will cover

• Introduction to computer
• Hardware
• CPU, main memory, secondary storage, I/O devices
• Software
• System software, application softwares
Teachers open the door
You enter by yourself
Chinese proverb
 The Computer Defined
• Electronic device
• Used to perform a specific task
• Converts data into information
• Modern computers are digital
• Two digits combine to make data

• Older computers were analog

• A range of values made data
 Parts of the Computer System

• Hardware
• Refers to physical components
• Anything that can be touched

• Software
• Tell the computer what to do
• Also called a program
• Thousands of programs exist
 Hardware Components
• Major components of computer
• CPU
• Main memory
• Secondary storage
• Input devices
• Output devices
 CPU
• Jobs
• Fetch instructions
• Follow the instructions
• Produce result

• Parts of CPU
• CU
• Coordinates all of the computer’s operations

• ALU
• Perform mathematical operations
CPU Organization
 Main Memory
• It is volatile
• Main memory is erased when program terminates or computer
is turned off
• Also called Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Organized as follows:
• bit: smallest piece of memory. Has values 0 (off, false) or 1 (on, true)
• byte: 8 consecutive bits
 Secondary Storage
• Non-volatile: data retained when program is not running
or computer is turned off
• Comes in a variety of media:
• magnetic: floppy disk, hard drive
• optical: CD-ROM, DVD
• Flash drives, connected to the USB port
 Input Devices
• Devices that send information to the computer from
outside
• Many devices can provide input:
• Keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera, microphone
• Disk drives, CD drives, and DVD drives
 Software-Programs That Run on a
Computer

• Categories of software:
• System software:
• Programs that manage the computer hardware and the programs
that run on them.
• Examples: operating systems, utility programs, software development
tools

• Application software:
• programs that provide services to the user.
• Examples : word processing, photoshop, Visio etc…
 Essential Computer Hardware
Output
Processor
Memory

Input and
output Storage

Input
Chapter 1A
End of Chapter
Questions ?