BUS BAR PROTECTION

SURESH BABU.V
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
NPTI(PSTI)
OBJECTIVE OF STATION PROTECTION

 To protect all such elements or sections in

a substation which are not covered either
under line protection or equipment
protection

Station protection include

 Bus Bar protection

 Stub line / Teed protection
 LBB(Local Breaker back-Up) protection
CT CORES

 CORE 1  BUS BAR CHECK ZONE

 CORE 2  BUS BAR MAIN ZONE
 CORE 3  METERING
 CORE 4  MAIN I LINE PROTECTION
 CORE 5  LBB & MAIN II LINE
PROTECTION
NEED FOR BUS BAR PROTECTION

 In Absence Of BUSBAR Protection,

Fault Clearance takes place
in Zone II of Distance Relay by
Remote End Tripping

 This Means Slow & Unselective Tripping

and wide spread blackout
NEED FOR BUS BAR PROTECTION

 Minimizing damage at fault location

 Maintaining system stability

 Localizing isolation to avoid wide

spread disruption

 Delayed clearance create shock to inter

connected equipment like Generator shaft
and windings of Transformer
REQUIREMENT OF BUS BAR PROTECTION

 High speed operation

 Selectivity – shall isolate the faulty bus bar only

 Stability – stable for through faults upto 40 KA

fault level

 Reliability – Check feature

 Applicable for any type of bus bar protection

 Shall provide zone indication

REQUIREMENT OF BUS BAR PROTECTION

 Continuous supervision for CT Secondaries

against any possible Open Ckt.

 In case of detection of any Open Circuiting of CT

secondary, after a time delay, the affected zone
of protection shall be rendered(provide) in-
operative and an alarm initiated.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROVIDING BUS BAR
PROTECTION

 Bus bar protection must be provided in all new 400kV and

220kV Substations as well as Generation Switch Yards

 For existing substations, provision of bus bar protection is

considered a must at 400kV level and for 220kV level it is
essential at substations having multiple feed.

 In case of radially fed 220kv substations, having more

than one bus it is desirable to have bus bar protection but
is not a must
BASICS OF BUSBAR PROTECTION

NEED FOR BUSBAR PROTECTION

In Its Absence Fault Clearing Takes Place In Zone-2 Of Distance Relay By Remote End Tripping. this means
slow and unselective tripping and wide spread blackout.

EFFECT OF DELAYED CLEARENCE

 Greater damage at fault point.

 Indirect shock to connected equipment like shafts of generator and windings of transformer.

BASIC THEORY

Kirchoff’s current law states that the sum of the currents entering a given node must be equal to the currents
leaving at that node.
TYPES OF BUS BAR PROTECTION

 Low Impedance
 High Impedance

Both use Circulating Current Differential

Principle - To isolate the entire bus bar section
by disconnecting all the feeders connected to
the bus.
HIGH SPEED DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

Simple Current Differential Circuit:

Simple Current Differential Circuit with Bus Fault
Simple Current Differential Circuit with Close in Line Fault
Simple Current Differential Circuit with Restraint Coils and a Close
Line in Fault

Simple
High Impedance Differential Relays ( Only Phase A shown)
Supervisory Circuit for Checking Bus Differential Protection
Typical Instantaneous Over-current Relay
IDMT Characteristic of a Relay