Compulsory page

Diploma of Civil Engineering

REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE

Code provisions and detailing

 Introduction

• These are to ensure that a structure has satisfactory

durability and serviceability performance under normal
circumstances
• BS 8110 recommends simple rules concerning the
concrete mix and cover to reinforcement, minimum
member dimensions and limits to reinforcement
quantities and spacing which must be taken into account
at the member sizing and reinforcement detailing stages

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 Minimum concrete mix and cover

• These requirements are interrelated and BS 8110

specifies minimum combinations of thickness of cover
and mix characteristics for various exposure conditions
• The mixes are expressed in terms of cement content,
maximum water/cement ratio and corresponding
minimum strength grade
• The nominal cover is that all steel, and allows for a
maximum fixing tolerance such that the actual cover
does not fall below 5 mm less than specified
• The data is shown in Table 1

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 Table 1

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 Minimum member dimension and cover (fire
resistance)
• BS 8110 provides tabulated values for minimum
dimension and nominal covers for various types of
concrete member which are necessary to permit the
member to withstand fire for a specified period of time
• These are shown in Table 2 and 3, respectively

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 Table 2

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 Table 3

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 Maximum spacing of reinforcement

• The maximum clear spacing given in Table 4 apply to

tension bars in beams when a maximum likely crack
width of 0.3 mm is acceptable and the cover to
reinforcement does not exceed 50 mm
• It can be seen that the spacing is restricted according to
the amount of moment redistribution applied
• Any bar of diameter less than 0.45 times that of the
largest bar in a section must be ignored when applying
these spacings
• Bars adjacent to corners of beams must not be more
than one-half of the clear distance in Table 4 from the
corner

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 Table 4

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 Minimum spacing of reinforcement

• To permit concrete flow around reinforcement during

construction the minimum clear gap between bars or
group of bars, should exceed (hagg + 5 mm) horizontally
and (2hagg/3) vertically, where hagg is the maximum size of
the coarse aggregate
• The gaps should be vertically in line and must also
exceed the bar diameter, or in the case of ‘bundled bars’
the diameter of a bar of equivalent total cross-sectional
area.

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 Minimum areas of reinforcement

• For most purposes, thermal and shrinkage cracking may

be controlled within acceptable limits by the use of
minimum reinforcement quantities specified by BS 8110,
except the requirement of water retaining is stringent
• The requirement is summarized in Table 5
• Other requirements include 0.15% transverse
reinforcement in the top surfaces of flanged beams and
0.25% (high yield) and 0.30% (mild steel) anti crack steel
in plain walls

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 Table 5

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 Maximum areas of reinforcement

• Maximum area of reinforcement for slab and beam is nor

greater than 4%
• For column, it not greater than 6% if cast vertically, 8% if
cast horizontally and 10% at laps

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 Simplified rules for curtailment of bars in
beams

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 Simplified rules for curtailment of bars in
beams

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 Simplified rules for curtailment of bars in slabs

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 Simplified rules for curtailment of bars in slabs

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 Reference

• Bill Mosley, John Bungey, Ray Hulse (1999), Reinforced

Concrete Design to, Palgrave macmillan

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