Equipment & Implementation

Demonstration
Mould Board Plough:
Mould Board Plough is primary tillage equipment. Its main function is
to a) cutting the furrow, b) Lifting the soil, c) turning the furrow slice, d)
pulverizing the soil. It consists of Share, Mould Board, land Side, Frog
and Tail Piece.
Disc Harrow:
It is a one type of harrow, which performs the harrowing operations by
means of set, or sets of rotating slat discs, each set being mounted on a
common shaft. It is suitable for very hard ground. It cuts the lumps of
the soil, clods and roots.
• Manual Paddy Transplanter:
Transplanter is an agriculture machine is used for transplant the
seedlings to the field. It is operated manually.
Specification:
1. Capacity = 0.5 Ac / day
2. No of row = 2
3. One row width = 20 cm
4. Row height = 43 cm
5. Handle length = 43 cm
6. No of spring = 2
Groundnut Decorticator:
Groundnut decorticator is a manually operated machine used to break
open groundnut pods and release the seeds for sowing.
Sugar Cane Bud Chipper:
A sugarcane bud chipper is used to remove chip (U-shaped) from
sugarcane plants. The product is widely used for cutting chips from the
eye of the sugarcane which is used in planting.
Specification:
1. Handle length = 46 cm
2. Spring length = 7.5 cm
3. Cutting width = 5 cm
4. Cutting blade height = 5.5 cm
Cono Weeder:
The Cono weeder is a hand drawn tool for farmers to ensure quicker
weeding in wetland. The weeder works in a push - pull motion which
uproots and buries weeds into soil.
Mandava Weeder:
Mandava Weeder removes the weeds from the field and mixes them
with the soil.
Seed Cum Fertilizer Drill:
Seed Cum Fertilizer Drill is used for simultaneous activities of seeding
and fertilization process in a single operation. It drills seeds and
fertilizer together. Seed and fertilizer are drilled at different depths thus
improves germination.
Specification:
1. No. of row = 3
2. No. of tine = 3
3. No. of fertilizer and seed drum = 3
4. Wheel diameter = 46 cm
5. Handle distance = 48 cm
6. Fertilizer box length and width = 65 and 25 cm
7. Seed box length and width = 63 and 23 cm
Paddy Thresher Cum Winnower:
The machine consists of a rotary drum mounted with spikes which is
used for threshing operation. Winnower consist of a blower by which
separating the grain from the hay.
Specification:
• Threshing Capacity = 1.5 Qnl/hr
• Winnowing Capacity = 3 Qnl/hr
• No of fan blade = 3
• Blade length = 31.5 cm
• Blade width = 16.5 cm
• Total height = 147 cm
• Length = 100 cm
• No of spike = 300
• Threshing drum width = 56 cm.
Implement Factor Pump:
Capacity = 5000 lit/hr (From 5 m depth)
Its main principle is by creating vacuum.
Power Pulse Thresher:
Specification:
• Hopper Cylinder Dia = 62 cm
• Frame height = 97 cm
• Frame width = 76 cm
• 1st Sieve length = 88 cm
• 2nd sieve length = 120 cm
• Motor capacity = 2 hp
• Frequency = 50 hz
Groundnut Stripper:
Ground Nut stripper is used for stripping of groundnut pod from the
harvested crop.
Paddy Grader Cum Cleaner:
Paddy grader cum cleaner is used for separate the husk, stone etc.
From the paddy to clean the paddy and grading the paddy through the
sieving unit.
Dal Mill:
Pulses are mostly consumed in the form of dehusked splits, commonly
known ad dal. Dal mill is used for dehusked and split the pulses as a
form of dal. The dal mill consist of dehusking unit, an aspirator, a
reciprocating sieve arrangement.
TRACTOR
What is Tractor?
A tractor is an engineering vehicle with large rear wheels specifically
designed to deliver a high tractive effort and used chiefly on farms for
hauling equipment and trailers.
CLASSIFICATION OF TRACTORS:
On the basis of structural design :
• Wheel Tractor
• Crawler Tractor
• Walking Tractor
On the basis of purpose :
• General Purpose Tractor
• Row Crop Tractor
• Special Purpose Tractor
Main System of Tractor:
Engine System
Transmission System
Hydraulic System
Engine:
Model Name: 5327
Type of Engine: Compression Ignition Engine
Parts Name:
• Cylinder Connecting Rod
• Valve Crank Shaft
• Piston Fly Wheel
• Piston Ring Oil Sump
Cylinder:
The cylinder of an engine constitutes the basic and supporting portion of the
engine power unit. Its major function is to provide space in which the piston
can operate to draw in the air and compress it and allow it to expand and
thus generate power. The cylinder is usually made of high-grade cast iron.
Cylinder Block:
It is the solid casting which includes the cylinder and water jackets.
Cylinder Head:
• It is the detachable portion of an engine which covers the cylinder and
includes the combustion chamber, valve etc.
Valve:
• A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid
(gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially
obstructing various passageways. 
• The intake and exhaust valves open at the proper time to let in air and fuel
and to let out exhaust.
• Piston:
• It is a cylindrical part closed at one end which maintains a close sliding fit
in the engine cylinder. It is connected to the connecting rod by a piston
pin. The force of expanding gas against the closed end of the piston, forces
the piston down in the cylinder. This causes the connecting rod to rotate
the crankshaft.
• Piston Ring:
• It is a split expansion ring, placed in the groove of the piston. It’s
functions-
• Its forms a gas tight combustion chamber for all positions of the piston.
• It controls the cylinder lubrication.
• It transmits the heat away from the piston to the cylinder walls.
• Piston Pin:
• It is also called as Wrist pin or Gudgeon pin. Piston pin is used to join the
connecting rod to the piston. It is usually made of case-hardened alloy
steel.
• Connecting Rod:
• It is special type of rod, one end of which is attached to the piston and the
other end to the crankshaft. It transmits the power of combustion to the
crankshaft and makes it continuously. It is usually made of drop forged steel.
• Crankshaft:
• It is the main shaft of the engine which converts the reciprocating motion of
the piston into rotary motion of the flywheel. Usually the crankshaft is made
of drop forged steel or Cast Steel. Crankshaft is subjected to bending as well
as twisting from the connecting rod end.
• Flywheel:
• It is made of Cast Iron. Its main functions are –
• It stores the energy during the power stroke and return back the same
energy during the idle strokes.
• It also carries the Ring gear.
• The rear surface of the flywheel serves as one of the pressure surfaces for
the clutch plate.
• Crankcase:
• The crankcase is the part of the engine which supports and encloses
the crankshaft and camshaft. It provides a reservoir for the lubricating
oil of the engine.
• Camshaft:
• It is a shaft which raises and lowers the inlet and exhaust valves at
proper time. Camshaft is driven by crankshaft by means of gears,
chains or sprockets.
• Timing Gear:
• Timing Gear is a combination of gears, one gear of which is mounted
at one end of the camshaft and the other gear on the end of the
crankshaft. Timing gear controls the timing of the ignition, timing of
opening and closing of valves as well as fuel injection timing.
• Inlet Manifold:
• It is the part of the engine through which air enters into the engine
cylinder. It is fitted by the side of the cylinder head.
• Exhaust Manifold:
• It is the part of the engine through which exhaust gases go out of the
engine cylinder. It is capable of withstanding high temperature of
burnt gases. It is fitted by the side of the cylinder head.
• Oil Sump:
• The oil pan, or sump, is a metal dish which covers the bottom of
the engine block, and holds the engine oil when it is not circulating
around the engine.
TRANSMISSION
• What is Transmission System?
• The mechanism that transmits the power developed by the engine and transmit
it to the driving wheels is called Transmission System.
• It consists of different system
• Clutch
• Transmission Gear
• PTO drive
• Differential
• Final Drive
• Axle
• Drive Wheel
• Power Transmission Process:
• Engine => Crankshaft => Flywheel => Clutch => Transmission box =>Differential
=> Final drives => Axle => Drive Wheels.
• Clutch:
• Clutch is a device, used to connect and disconnect the tractor engine
from the transmission gears and drive wheels. Clutch transmits power
by means of friction between driving members and driven members.
• Transmission Gear:
• Transmission unit actually known as Gear Box. The ultimate function
of gear box is to provide different output speeds with input speed.
• PTO Drive:
• It is the component which transmit power from the engine to the PTO
shaft.
• Differential:
• It consists of a set of Bevel gear that allows power to be transmitted
to each axle at different speed to allow satisfactory steering of the
tractor.
• Final Drive:
• A final gear reduction is used to provide the proper axle speeds and to
reduce torque loads on, and size of the differential and spiral bevel
set.
• Axle Brake:
• A special type of friction clutches usually located between the
differential and the final drive that is controlled by the operator. It is
used to stop the rotation of one or both axle shaft.
• Rear Axle:
• The shafts that transmit power to the tractor rear wheels and
transmit the wheel loads to the tractor structure.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
• It is a mechanism in a tractor to raise, hold or lower of mounted or semi-mounted
equipment by hydraulic means. All tractors are equipped with hydraulic control system for
operating three-point hitch of the tractor.
• Working Principle:
• The working principle of hydraulic system is based on Pascal's law. This law states that the
pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted equally in all direc­tions. Small force
acting on small area can produce higher force on a surface of larger area.
• Basic Components of Hydraulic System:
• The basic components are:
• (i) Hydraulic pump
• (ii) Hydraulic cylinder and piston
• (iii) Hydraulic tank
• (iv) Control valve
• (v) Safety valve
• (vi) Hose pipe and fittings
• (vii) Lifting arms.
• Operation:
•  The hydraulic pump draws up oil from the oil reservoir and sends it to the
control valve under high pressure. From the control valve, the oil goes to the
hydraulic cylinder to operate the piston, which in turn, raises the lifting arms.
The lifting arms are attached with implements. The hydraulic pump is operated
by suitable gears, connected with engine.
• Hydraulic pump:
• There are several types of hydraulic pump, such as gear pump, plunger pump,
vane pump, and screw pump. Gear pump is widely used in tractors. Gear pump
can flow a bigger amount of oil, compared to plunger pump. The oil pressure in
the pump varies from 150 to 200 kg/cm2.
• Hydraulic cylinder:
•  It is a bigger size cylinder, fitted with a piston and a connecting rod. It is also
called ram cylinder. The connecting rod transmits power from the piston to the
lifting arms. Piston moves in the hydraulic cylinder and causes reciprocating
motion in the cylinder. The lifting arms are raised by the hydraulic pressure
while raising the implement but it is lowered by its own weight.
• Hydraulic tank:
•  Hydraulic tank is used for storing hydraulic oil for the system. In some
tractors, transmission chamber itself works as a hydraulic tank and
same oil is used for transmission system as well as hydraulic system.
In some tractors, separate tank is there for hydraulic oil.
• Control valve:
• Control valve is a type of valve, which controls the movement of
hydraulic oil to have desired direction, magnitude and speed of lifting.
Thus, the control valve is to perform three functions:
• (1) To change the direction of lifting
• (2) To change the power of lifting and
• (3) To change the speed of lifting.
• Oil filter:
•  It is small filter, located at a convenient position in the passage of the
oil.
• TYPES OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM:
• There are three important methods in hydraulic control system:
• (i) Position control
• (ii) Draft control
• (iii) Mixed control.
• Position control:
• In this system, constant depth of ploughing is maintained by automatic adjustment
of draft of tractor. In this system the control valve can be operated directly by the
driver to raise lower or hold an implement, mounted on the linkage at any chosen
height.
• Draft control:
• In this system, the working depth of any implement can be controlled continuously
without the need for a depth wheel on the implement. The hydraulic control valve
reacts to changes in the loading in either the top or lower links which arc due to
changes in the draft or pull required by the implement. If any imple­ment goes too
deep its draft increases. This increase is sensed through the top link or lower links.
The control system then raises the implement until the draft is back to the present
level and the implement is at the origi­nal depth again using the draft control system.
COMBINE HARVESTER
• An agriculture machine which is used to cut, thresh and clean the
crop in one operation is known as Combine Harvester.
• Main Parts:
• Reel
• Cutter Bar
• Auger
• Chain Conveyor
• Threshing Drum with TAF technology (Tangential Axial Flow)
• Sieving Unit
• Sieve Shaker
• Grain Elevator
• Grain Container
• Reel:
• This is the first part to touch the standing crop. It holds the grain
against the knife. The reel rotate at low rpm and pushes the crop
downward toward the cutter. The reel has horizontal bar called as Bat
and vertical teeth or tines to grip the plant stalks.
• Cutter Bar:
• The cutter bar of combines operates like a cutter bar of mower. It cuts
the standing crops and pushes them toward the conveyor.
• Conveyor:
• Behind the cutter bar, the cut crops are fed toward the centre by
spinning auger and travel up a conveyor to the threshing drum.
• It simply does the lifting mechanism of the chaffed plant towards the
threshing unit.
• Threshing Unit:
• From the conveyor the crop goes the beater bar and from the beater bar the
crop goes to the threshing drum. The crop is threshed here by the Tangential
axial flow. The grain is separate from the straw. The threshing operation is
done in 2.5 rotation. The straw coming outside by the straw outlet and the
grain goes to the sieving unit.
• Sieve:
• Then the grain is passed through the sieving unit to remove the small straw,
stone etc. A sieve shaker is installed here to shake the sieve to give the proper
cleaning effect. The type of sieve is Frog mouth type.
• Grain Storage Tank:
• The clean grain goes to the grain storage tank. Here the clean grains are stored.
• The Grain storage tank capacity is 1200 lit/ sec.
• Unloader:
• When the grain tank is full through unloader pipe the full grain can unload. The
unloading capacity is 20 lit/sec as per Claas Crop Tiger 30.
POWER TILLER (VST SHAKTI)
• What is Power Tiller?
• Power tiller is a walking tractor used in agriculture for cultivation,
tillage, sowing and weeding which contains a set of blades (tines)
mounted with a wheeled housing.
• Specification:
• Model Name => VST Shakti 130 DI
• Capacity => 13hp
• No of Cylinder = > 1
• Fuel type => Diesel
• CC(Cubic Capacity) => 673
• RPM => 2400
• Bore Diameter => 95 mm
• Stroke Length => 95 mm
• No of piston ring => 3+2
• 10) Weight of the vehicle => 405 kg
• 11) Combustion Type => Direct Ignition
• 12) Nozzle Pressure => 250 kg/cm2
• 13) Starting Type => Hand Cranking
• 14) Cooling Type => Water Cool
• 15) Fuel Tank Capacity => 11 lit
• 16) Engine oil tank Capacity => 2.5 lit
• 17) Condenser Capacity => 3.2 lit
• 18) Water and Coolant ratio => 3:1
• External Part of Engine:
• 1)Stand 8) Nozzle
• 2) Fuel Filter 9) Muffler
• 3) Head Light 10) Air Cleaner
• 4) Head Light Cover 11) Diesel Indicator
• 5) Chassis 12) Hand Cranking
• 6) Fuel Tank 13) Fly Wheel
• 7) Fuel Tank
• Internal Parts of Power Tiller Engine:
• 1)Push Rod 8) Piston Rod
• 2) Tappet 9) Crank Shaft
• 3) Rocker Arm 10) Piston Ring
• 4) Oil Pump 11) Valve
• 5) Oil Sump 12) Top Balancer
• 6) Engine Head 13) Bottom Balancer
• 7) Piston
Sl No Operation Attachment

01 Dry Tilling Rotavator

02 Wet Puddling Cage Wheel

03 Cultivation Cultivator

04 Ploughing MB Plough

05 Bund Formation Rotavator

06 Ridging Ridger (1 Shear)

07 Digging Auger Digger

08 Potato Planting Potato Planter

09 Potato Digging Potato Digger

10 Seed Planter Seed Drill

11 Spraying Sprayer

12 Water Pumping Water Pump

13 Ripping Operation Ripper

14 Threshing operation Thresher

15 Hulling Huller

16 Transportation Trolley (1.5 Ton)