Quantifiers

“ more than good”

Too much + uncountable noun (coffee, time)

Too many + countable noun (apple , cakes, people)
Too + adjectives ( I am too busy)
Enough

“all that is necessary”

Enough +noun (do you eat enough vegetables?)
Verb + enough (She doesn’t sleep enough.)
adjective , adverb + enough (I don’t go to bed early
enough.)
Few / a few
I have few apples to bake cake. (-) go and buy some.
I have a few apples to bake cake. (+) I have enough apples.

Little / a little
I have little money to buy the book. (-) I can’t afford it.
I have a little money to buy the book. (+) I can buy it.
Future plans, dreams, future
appointments
To be going to or Present continuous

I am going to fly to America tomorrow.

I am going to learn English perfectly.

I am leaving home tonight.

Is she meeting us at the restaurant?
But and although

Although she tried to stop the car, she hit the man. (contrast)
Despite
In spite of

She tried to stop the car but she hit the man. (contrast)
Because and so

She was driving fast because she was in a hurry. (reason)

She was in a hurry so she was driving fast . (result)

Relative clauses

We went to the concert of Rihanna. Rihanna is a good singer.

We went to the concert of Rihanna who is a good singer.

Who/ that (person)

Which/ that (object or description)
Where (place)
Reported Speech
Present – Past
I like travelling. – She said that she liked travelling.
I am leaving tomorrow. – She said that she was leaving the next day.

Past, Present Perfect, Past Perfect – Past Perfect

I passed the exam. – He told me that he had passed the exam.
I have forgotten my keys. – He said that he had forgotten his keys.

Will – would
I will come on Monday. – She said that she would come on Monday.
Can- could
I can’t come today. – She said that she couldn’t come.

May- might
I may be late. – She told that she might be late.

Must- had to
I must go – She said that she had to go.
If you report what someone said on a different day or in a
different place , you should change.

Tomorrow – the next day.

I am leaving tomorrow. – She told her that he was leaving the
next day.

Here- there
This-that
Reported questions.
1. change the tense as in reported sentences.
2. When a question doesn’t begin with a question word add if/whether.

Are you married? – She asked him if he was married.

Did she phone? – He asked me whether she had phoned.

What is your name? – I asked him what his name was?

Where do you live? – They asked me where I lived.
Shopping vocabulary
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Brand
To be careful with money
Carrier bag
Customer service
To get into debt
Must-have product
To be on a tight budget
To pay in cash
To shop around
To slash prices
To try something on