Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Peel and Shear Test Comparison and Geosynthetic

Clay Liner Shear Strength Correlation

Kent P. von Maubeuge & Henning Ehrenberg

NAUE GmbH & Co. KG, Espelkamp, Germany

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Today´s Presentation

1. Introduction
2. Peel Bond Test Method and Results on Multi-component GCLs
3. Shear Testing on Multi-component GCLs
4. Summary

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Today´s Presentation

push release

The connecting fiber is pushed from the nonwoven geotextile, through the
bentonite into the carrier geotextile, in most cases a woven or
woven/nonwoven composite to reinforce the otherwise weak bentonite core.

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Peel Bond Test Method

ASTM D6496 & EN ISO 13426-2

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Peel Bond Test Method

ASTM D6496 & EN ISO 13426-2

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Multi-Component GCLs

multicomponent GCL, n - GCL with an attached film, coating, or membrane

decreasing the hydraulic conductivity or protecting the clay core or both

laminated GCL, n—GCL product with at least one film or membrane layer
superimposed and bonded to the GCL by an adhesive usually under heat and
pressure

coated GCL, n - GCL product with at least one layer of a synthetic substance
applied to the GCL as a fluid and allowed to solidify

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Multi-Component GCLs (Coated)

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Multi-Component GCLs (coated)

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Multi-Component GCLs – investigated in this study

Secondary barrier Barrier mass/unit Barrier attached Secondary barrier

area g/m² against raw material
A Coating 200 Woven Polyethylene (PE)
B Coating 500 Woven PE
C Adhered film Woven PE
D Coating 100 Woven Attactic
polypropylene

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Peel Bond Results – Cap vs Cover

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Peel Bond Results – Cap vs Cover

dry hydrated dry hydrated

ASTM D 6496 ASTM D 6496 EN ISO 13426-2 EN ISO 13426-2
N/10cm N/m N/10cm N/m N/20cm kN/m N/20cm kN/m
GCL (peak) (average) (peak) (average) (peak) (average) (peak) (average)
A 135,2 929 113,4 818 232,4 0,83 175,3 0,53
B 107,6 867 100,7 838 200,9 0,75 195,4 0,79
C 357,3 2797 297 2346 558,2 2 373,1 1,45
D 220,1 1826 211 1691 274,8 1,1 271,8 1,01

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Peel Bond Results – Cap vs Cover

dry hydrated dry hydrated

ASTM D 6496 ASTM D 6496 EN ISO 13426-2 EN ISO 13426-2
N/10cm N/m N/10cm N/m N/20cm kN/m N/20cm kN/m
GCL (peak) (average) (peak) (average) (peak) (average) (peak) (average)
A 135,2 929 113,4 818 232,4 0,83 175,3 0,53
B 107,6 867 100,7 838 200,9 0,75 195,4 0,79
C 357,3 2797 297 2346 558,2 2 373,1 1,45
D 220,1 1826 211 1691 274,8 1,1 271,8 1,01

ASTM D6496 ISO 13426-2

in % to dry in % to dry
A 83,9 75,4
B 93,6 97,3
C 83,1 66,8
D 95,9 98,9

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Peel Bond Results – Secondary Barrier vs GCL

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Peel Bond Results – Secondary Barrier vs GCL

dry hydrated dry hydrated

ASTM D 6496 ASTM D 6496 EN ISO 13426-2 EN ISO 13426-2
N/10cm N/m N/10cm N/m N/20cm kN/m N/20cm kN/m
GCL (peak) (average) (peak) (average) (peak) (average) (peak) (average)
X2N49 86,2 500 88 510 185,5 0,57 177,2 0,56
X5B53 49,5 368 65,7 521 82 0,29 96,9 0,35
LNSL 241,8 1786 193 1467 348,7 1,22 233,2 0,78
CNSL - - - - - - - -

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Peel Bond Results – Secondary Barrier vs GCL

(in % compared to the GCL peel value)
dry hydrated dry hydrated
ASTM D 6496 ASTM D 6496 EN ISO 13426-2 EN ISO 13426-2
% % % % % %
GCL (N/10cm) (N/m) (N/10cm)) % (N/m) (N/20cm) (kN/m) (N/20cm) % (kN/m)
X2N49 63,8 53,8 77,6 62,3 79,8 68,7 101,1 105,7
X5B53 46,0 42,4 65,2 62,2 40,8 38,7 49,6 44,3
LNSL 67,7 63,9 65,0 62,5 62,5 61,0 62,5 53,8
CNSL - - - - - - - -

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Correlation Peel Bond vs Shear Stress

Peel Strength Internal shear strength

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Correlation Peel Bond vs Shear Stress

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Correlation Peel Bond vs Shear Stress

Secondary barrier Barrier mass/unit Barrier attached Secondary barrier

area g/m² against raw material
A Coating 200 Woven Polyethylene (PE)
B Coating 500 Woven PE
C Adhered film Woven PE
D Coating 100 Woven Attactic
polypropylene

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Shear Stress Results

Shear stress at 20 kPa One point friction

Load Consolidation Shear speed angle
Test (kN/m²) (h) (mm/h) (°)
A 025-12 37,8 24 10 62
Bottom: double sided tape and melt glue / top: Needle-plate /// Coating fix on bottom,
woven and nonwoven fixed on top /// Coating torn
B 026-12 42,4 24 10 64
Bottom: double sided tape / top: Needle-plate /// Coating fix on bottom, woven and
nonwoven fixed on top /// Coating torn out of fixing
C 027-12 47,8 24 10 67
Bottom: double sided tape and melt glue / top: Needle-plate /// Coating fix on bottom,
woven and nonwoven fixed on top /// Coating partly torn or delaminated from woven
D No tests carried out; partly very thin and hard to seperate from woven

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Shear Stress Test – Secondary Behaviour

Tearing of coating
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Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Shear Stress Test – Secondary Behaviour

Partly tearing of laminated film

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com
Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Shear Stress Test – Secondary Behaviour

Partly delamination of laminated film

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com
Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Conclusions

 Peel bond strength in GCL between cover and carrier geotextile meet and
exceed GRI-GCL 3 recommendation – hydrated values lower than dry
 Peel bond strength between GCL and secondary barrier meet and exceed GRI-
GCL 3 recommendation – hydrated values vs dry about the same; However values
typically lower than GCL peel values

 In shear test the difficulty is to bond the secondary barrier and get shear results
– typically secondary barrier will tear first (short-term!)

 Correlation peel/shear for secondary barrier vs GCL not possible or needed,

because the critical hydrated bentonite layer is not between these layers

 Bruno´s favorite: More testing needed

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com

Third Symposium on Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liner

Thank you for your attention!

Peel and Shear Test Comparison and Geosynthetic

Clay Liner Shear Strength Correlation

© 2011 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG · www.naue.com