ADVANCED Week-1

BUSINESS RESEARCH
 UNDERSTANDING
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Research Research Resear

Research ch
Paradigm Approach Methodol
Design Metho
s es ogy
ds
RESEARCH METHODS
o Various schemes, procedures, techniques and
algorithms used in research
o All the methods used in research process are
called research methods
o Always planned, scientific and value-neutral
o May include methods of topic selection,
literature search, literature review, sampling
methods, data collection methods, data analysis
methods etc.
 TYPES OF METHODS
o Literature search methods
o sources used, database searched, keywords used, evaluation procedure
of suitability of the sources
o Population & Sample selection methods
o Probability sampling [sub types], Non-probability sampling [sub types]

o Data collection methods

o Primary data tools (Questionnaire, Interview, Observation, Focus group)
o Secondary data tools
o Qualitative data vs quantitative data

o Measurement Methods
o Types of tools/scales used for data collection (e.g. rating vs ranking)

oData analysis methods

o Techniques of data analysis (e.g. Thematic analysis, inferential statistics)
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
o Systematic way of solving problem

o Knowledge, study and understandings of

methods
o Discipline, or body of knowledge, that uses
those methods
o Deals with application of methods and
carrying out research
o “the procedures by which researchers go
about their work of describing, explaining and
predicting phenomena are called research
methodology”
IMPORTANCE OF
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
o It is the methodology that determines the value of
method
o Even application of same method for different
studies will be backed by different
methodology/methodological stance
o It could be explained that:
o Researcher should not only know the questionnaire as tool of data
collection, but also how questionnaire works, which form of
questionnaire is useful, how it is structured, what is the most
suitable source of questionnaire
o Researcher should know the data collection sources/respondents
but should also know the most suitable sample, selection process of
sample, why they are most suitable, how should they be selected
and how best responses can be elicited
RESEARCH
DESIGN/STRATEGIES
o RD is the foundation of entire research work
o Helps in choosing tasks easily and in
systematic way
o Research work starts when the design phase
is over
RESEARCH
DESIGN/APPROACHES
o Quantitative – e.g. survey [cross sectional &
longitudinal] & experimental [pure
experimental & quasi experimental]
o Qualitative – e.g. ethnography, case study,
phenomenological research, narrative
research
o Mixed – sequential mixed method,
concurrent mixed method, & transformative
mixed method
RESEARCH
DESIGN/APPROACH
RESEARCH
APPROACHES
o Deduction
o Deducing something from facts
o More useful when why have to test a theory
o Most often, basis of quantitative design
o Requires large number of respondents/large data as it is
concerned with proving the things/assumptions
o Starts with something already known

o Induction
o Inducing something from data
o Useful when we are going to generate new theorem from the data
o Most often, basis for qualitative design
o Requires small sample size/number of respondents as it is
concerned with some unexplored/underexplored issues
o Starts with something that is largely unattended or under
investigated
PARADIGMS
o Matrix of belief and perceptions
o Collection of mindset of an age
o Discourse [meaning and power of language
between people] is an important offshore of
paradigm
o Dominant Discourse [mindset that is largely
prevalent] and Challenging Discourse
[advocated by a specific group of people]
o Both the discourses are based on paradigms
TYPES OF PARADIGMS
o Positivism
o Interpretevism/Constructivism
o Realism
o Pragmatism
oAdvocacy/Emancipatory
FOUR WORLD
VIEWS/PARADIGMS
STRATEGIES OF INQUIRY
METHODS