HIGHWAY DESIGN WITH SURVEY

• Rafiur Rahman
• Uttara University
 INTRODUCTION
A. Background
B. Highway design that leads to villages

 People are compelled to take the long alternative

routes to travel from one village to another.
 Transportation charge is high and local agricultural products of
that area have failed getting proper market.

 This area has a huge potential of brick production. More than

four brick kilns are running in this area at present.
 The proposed road is aimed :
 To reduce the time of travel between the villages.

 To help in the transportation of local agricultural

products to nearby markets.

 To facilitate the brick factories of the area by ensuring

good transportation of produced bricks.
 B. Objective

 To conduct detailed survey engineering survey of proposed

highway
 To prepare detailed design and cost estimate for construction
of proposed road.
 C. Scope
 To review the existing study reports, standards and
specifications.
 Detailed engineering survey of alignment.
 Preparation of topographical map.
 Study for cross-drainage works and propose suitable drainage
structure.
 Preparation of working drawings.
 Preparation of quantity and cost estimate.
 Preparation of survey and design report
D. Project location
 The proposed road
 The river side
 The latitude and the longitude
 E. Geology
 The project area lies in Lesser Himalayas of central Nepal.
 The bed rock is composed of sedimentary rocks upon which
lies a clay deposit.
 The geology along the alignment, from beginning to chainage
1+300 comprises of clayey soil and river downslope. From
chainage 1+3000 to end of the alignment, comprises of hard
soil and rocky cliffs.
 No landslides were encountered along the alignment and the
problem of slope stability is very low.
 F. Hydrology And Meteorology
 Small temporary streams running only during monsoon
crosses the alignment with small discharge.
 The project area experiences marked seasonal and specific
climate variation with moderately hot summer and relatively
cool winters. Average temperature is 25 oC in summer and 10 oC
in winter.
 Almost 80% of the rainfall occurs during monsoon which
starts at the middle of the June and continues until the end of
August.
METHODOLOGY

 DESK STUDY
 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESMENT
 FIELD WORK
 EQUIPMENT USED FOR SURVEYING
 OFFICE WORK
DESK STUDY
 The geographical and the topographical maps
were studied and the relevant information
regarding the alignment selection, cross
drainage structures, gradient of the road were
discussed.

 The strategy for the field study was made

accordingly.

 The study team member discussed the related

matters of the project.
 Before the departure of the field survey work, desk
study was done. During desk study information and
materials required to the project such as topographic
maps references and survey equipment were gathered

 The literature review was briefly conducted and the

information was gathered.

 The social impact assessment was undertaken.

SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESMENT

The study identified the following key social

issues for investigation:

 Loss of private property and other assets (land,

houses and trees) and compensation modalities
for these losses.

 Population displacement.
 Construction employment opportunities.

 Potentiality for social development.

 FIELD WORK
 In field, first of all recce was done and the terrain was
thoroughly observed and possible location of station
was fixed according to sight and leg ratio.

 Survey work was done where first Reduced Level

(RL) was transferred for the vertical control and
elevation of the Station was fixed.

 Detailed survey was done where details of every

feature of the site like foot trail, electric poles,
buildings, trees, river course, crossing structures etc.
was recorded.
 EQUIPMENT USED FOR
SURVEYING
 Total station
 GPS device
 Staff
 Compass
 Measuring tape
 Hammer
 Communicating Device
OFFICE WORK
 Preparation of Plan, Profile and Cross-section
 Quantity estimation
 Analysis of the rates
 Cost estimation
 Report preparation
DESIGN
 ROAD CLASSIFICATION

 As per the NRS 2045, the road project falls on the category
of District Roads.
 DESIGN SPEED

 A Design speed of 30 km/hr is taken for the design of

geometric parameters of the road.
 4.3 GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS
Parameters Values Remarks

No. of lane 1 As per NRS

Carriageway Width 3.75 m As per NRS
Shoulder Width 1 m (either side) As per the site condition

Right of way 10 m (either side) As per NRS

Camber 4% As per NRS

Shoulder Slope 5% As per NRS
Minimum Horizontal Curve Radius 12 m As per NRS

Maximum Superelevation 5% As per Design

Maximum Gradient 10.393% As per Design

Minimum Gradient 0.394% As per Design
Average Gradient 1.770% As per Design
 The Design values are taken as recommended by NRS
2045 as far as practicable

 The shoulder width is taken as 1 m considering the site

condition and the utility of the road

 Minimum Gradient recommended by NRS (1% for better

drainage) cannot be incorporated considering the site
condition
 Horizontal Alignment
 The most suitable horizontal alignment was selected
considering the following factors:
 Short (S)
 Easy (E)
 Safe (S)
 Economical (E)
 Minimum radius for the horizontal curve as recommended by
NRS is 12 m. The minimum radius of 12m is provided at the
intersection of existing road and proposed road.
 The extrawidening and transition curves are not provided
owing to low design speed and simplicity in construction

 A maximum of 5 % super elevation is provided at each

horizontal curve.

 Superelevation is provided by rotation of pavement about

the center line.

 Transition length for super elevation is provided as 5 m

 VERTICAL ALIGNMENT
 The vertical alignment includes the selection of suitable gradient
and design of summit and valley curves.

 The maximum gradient is adopted 10.393% which is permissible

for the hill road as per NRS 2045.

 All vertical curves are designed as Simple Parabolas

 Summit curves are designed considering stopping sight
distance.

 Valley curves are designed on the basis of night visibility

 The radius of vertical curve is adopted as large as possible

so that all the factors are satisfied

 The least vertical radius taken in design is 1000 m

 CROSS SECTION DESIGN
 Cross section is designed providing camber of 4% on
carriageway and 5 % on shoulder

 For embankment the side slope of 1.5H: 1V and for cut the
side slope of 1H: 1V is adopted

 Total pavement thickness of 28 cm is adopted as per CBR

method of design
 Gravel is used as the sub-base course

 Otta Seal is used as the surface course

 DRAINAGE
 Longitudinal drain is provided on the cut slope side of the road

 The side slope is 1:1 and longitudinal slope is parallel to the

alignment

 Earthen drain is provided from chainage 0+000 to the chainage of

1+251.35

 Stoned masonry drain of thickness 20 cm is provided from the

chainage of 1+309.82 to chainage 2+027.24
 Pipe culverts of 60 cm in diameter and total length of 7.5m
are provided at 12 sections of the road

 They are provided at the lowest point of the vertical

alignment

 A minimum depth of 60 cm is provided between the surface

of the pavement and the crown of the pipe
 RETAINING STRUCTURES

 Since the sufficient side slope is available on the

embankment side, no retaining structures are
adopted in the design
Typical Pavement

Cross Drainage Structure

 ESTIMATE
Quantity Estimate
Calculation of Earthwork
Necessary Calculations

Rate Analysis
BoQ /Cost Estimate
 QUANTITY ESTIMATE
Earthwork Calculations:
 Calculated at each cross-section
 Separate calculation according to soil
type
 Total cut volume = 10283.57 m 3
 Total fill volume = 16052.44 m 3
 Balance (fill) = 5768.869 m3
 Earthwork for drain = 768.129 m 3
All the detailed calculation is shown in the
tabular form in the following slides:
 Contd………
Necessary calculations:
i. For side drain:
Calculations were made taking the following
design considerations:
 Section = trapezoidal
 Depth: 0.3m
 Base width: 0.3m
 Side slope: 1:1
 Unlined earthen canal(Ch. 0+000 to 1251.35)
 Lined canal: (ch.1+309.82 to Ch. 2+027.24)

ii. Sub-grade calculations:

 RATE ANALYSIS
Rate analysis was performed under the
following criteria:
 The quantity of the materials, required
labor force and plants, machinery, tools
and equipments were taken from the work
norms provided by the DoR.
 The rate for the materials, labors, plants
and machinery, tools and equipments was
taken from the district rates provided by
the Lalitpur DDC.
 COST ESTIMATE
 The BoQ was prepared on the basis of
the quantity of work calculated and rate
analysis done previously:
 The cost estimate is as below:
 ASSIGNMENT:

WRITE A SURVEY REPORT OF ANY

HIGHWAY THAT YOU HAVE RECENTLY
VISITED

MARKS:10
SUBMIT BY 23RD APRIL 2020