Students' work: Zayed Hassan Melhem

Ahmad Abo Al-Hija

Subject: Protection Circuit For Induction Motor

Course: Protection Systems

Delivery Day: Tuesday

Delivery Date: 14/5/2019

Instructor: Eng. Neda Abo Hantash

Introduction:
The electric motor is a most crucial drive in the modern era of automation ,These motors are
used in various industrial applications. But these motors can be protected from the different
mechanical and electrical faults for helping their purposes. This article discusses about a 
protection system for induction motor from emerging faults using embedded microcontroller.

The induction motor experiences various kinds of electrical faults such as over voltage or under
voltage, unbalanced voltage, overload, earth fault, phase reversing and single phasing. Due to
these faults, the windings in the motor gets heated which lead to reduce the life of the motor. The
faults in motor may occur due to faults in the motor or in the driven plant, conditions executed by
the external power supply N/W.

The degree of the induction motor depends on the applications and costs of the motor.
What is an Induction Motor ?
Induction motor or asynchronous motor is the most commonly used motor in various
applications. Because, these motors  always run at a lower speed than synchronous speed.

Synchronous speed can be defined as, the speed of the magnetic field which is rotating in the
stator. Induction motors are classified into two types based on the sort of input supply such as 
single  phase induction motor and three phase induction motors.

Induction motors are classified into four types namely; split phase induction motor, capacitor
start induction motor, capacitor start capacitor run induction motor and shaded pole induction
motor. And also based on the type of rotor three phase induction motors are classified into two
types such as wound type, slip ring motor squirrel cage motor.

Note: See Figure (1) which shows the construction of Induction Motor .
Figure(1)
Working Principle of Induction Motor:
In a DC motor, supply is required to be given for the rotor winding as well as the stator winding.
But in this motor only an AC supply is fed with the stator winding.

Alternating flux is formed around the stator winding because of the AC supply. This flux rotates
with synchronous speed that is called as RMF (Rotating Magnetic Field). An induced emf can be
caused by the comparative speeds between rotor conductors and stator RMF. According to the
Faraday’s electromagnetic induction law, the rotor conductors are short circuited, and later the
rotor current is generated because of an induced emf. That’s why these motors are called as
induction motors.

Now, the current which is induced in the rotor will also create an alternating flux around it.
According to Lenz’s law, the direction of induced rotor current is, it will tend to oppose the
cause of its production.
Note: See Figure (2) which shows the Working Principle of Induction Motor.
Figure(2)
Induction Motor Protection System Circuit and Its Working:

The main goal of this project is to design an induction motor protection system for guarding
the motors from any faults happening from single phasing and over voltage conditions.

The induction motor is an essential device in various industrial applications. These motors

work on 3-phase supply and a standard temperature to keep the loads at preferred conditions.
But, if any phase goes lost or there is a growth in the temperature of the windings it harms
the motor. Thus, the proposed system helps to give a protection to the motors in the
industries by eliminating the power to the electric motor immediately if any of the phases
misses out of the 3-phases, or if the motor’s temperature exceeds the threshold value.

The proposed system uses 3-phase power supply, where 3 single-phase transformers are allied to it , the
project has a set of operational amplifier which is used as comparators for relating input voltages. A 
thermistor is used to sense the temperature of the induction motor by connecting with the body of the
induction motor. This motor is functioned by switching the main relay, which is worked by another set of
relays by detecting single phasing & over temperature conditions. (See Figures (3&4) which show the
circuit of induction motor protection system).
Figure(3)
Figure(4)
Induction Motor Protection System Project:
In future, this project can be developed by using current sensors and phase-sequence sensor for
protecting the overloads and also the motor from applying wrong phase sequence.

Induction motor Protection system from single phasing, over voltage, under voltage, overheating
and phase reversal provides the smooth running of the induction motor expands its lifetime and
also efficiency. Generally, these faults occur when supply system is violating its rating. When the
motor is running at rated current, load and voltage then these faults will not be generated.
Generally, the smooth running of the motor can be depends on the supply voltage under the set
limit & load which is determined by the motor should also be under the stated limit.

Note: See Figure (5) which shows the induction motor protection system project kit.
Figure (5)
Abnormal Conditions and Failure in Case of Induction Motor:
Example(5.8):
A Synchronous generator rated at (20 KV) protected by circulating current system having neutral
grounded through a resistance of (15 Ω), The Differential protection relay is set to operate
when there is an out of balance current of (3A) , and the C.T have ratio of (1000/5)A .
Determine the following:
1) The (%) of winding remains un protected .
2) The value of earth resistance to achieve (75%) protection of winding.

Solution:
The given values are:
VL=20KV , io=3A , R=15 Ω , C.T Ratio= (1000/5)

1) Io= Minimum Line Operating Current (C.T Primary)

Io= io*(1000/5)= 3*(1000/5) = 600A

Complement of Example(5.8):
V=VL/ 3 √
V= (20*1000)/3 √
V= 11,547 Volt

%X= % of Winding Un Protected

%X= ((R*Io)/V)*100= ((15*600)/11,547)*100= 77.940%

2) We want 75% Protection ,then:

%X= 100-75= 25%
Remaining Conditions are same except (R)

25= ((R*Io)/V)*100= ((R*600)/11,547)*100

R= (25*11,547)/(600*100)= 4.811 Ω

This is the required earth resistance