CROSS CULTURE HR

PRESPECTIVE
CHALLENGES IN
GLOBALIZATION
Name : MAHAK KAGRA
Program : BBA
University : Guru Gobind Singh
Indraprastha University
 INTRODUCTION
The word ‘Culture’ is derived from the Latin word cultura stemming
from colere, meaning ‘to cultivate’. It refers to patterns of human activity
and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and
importance.

Culture can be defined as all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and
institutions of a population those are passed down from generation to
generation. Culture has been called ‘the way of life for an entire society’ by
famous Marxist novelist and critic, Raymond Williams.

Now, coming to the Indian context there is an amalgamation of elite

activities such as museum-caliber art and classical music, often called
‘high culture’, namely the culture of the ruling social group, and that of
mass culture. The Indian culture varies like its vast geography.
 OBSERVATION
The impressive growth rate nearing double digit and sustained over a
long period of time cannot solely be attributed to the economic reforms of
the nineties. As a matter of fact, however, the acceleration in growth of
GDP at constant prices (1993-94 = 100) for the three decades 1971-80, 1981-
90 and 1991-2000 were 3.66%, 5.60% and 6.45% respectively.

There has been a remarkable blending of tradition and modernity in the

Indian society in which various identities have found democratic channels
of expression in the political process.

Now coming to the IT and BPO industries there is so much euphoria

about the BPO business that it almost seems too good to be true. New
customers land in Bangalore every day, new companies are opened every
month, and existing ones are growing at an unbelievable pace.

BPO represents a new commercial paradigm for international trade in

services and India’s unique positioning makes it a beneficiary of this
tsunami that we all sense coming our way.
 CROSS CULTURAL DYNAMICS
We all have an internal list of those we still don't understand, let alone
appreciate. We all have biases, even prejudices, toward specific groups.
In our workshops we ask people to gather in pairs and think about their
hopes and fears in relating to people of a group different from their own.
Fears usually include being judged, miscommunication, and patronizing
or hurting others unintentionally; hopes are usually the possibility of
dialogue, learning something new, developing friendships, and
understanding different points of view. After doing this activity hundreds
of times, I'm always amazed how similar the lists are. At any moment
that we're dealing with people different from ourselves, the likelihood is
that they carry a similar list of hopes and fears in their back pocket.

Culture is a complex concept, with many different definitions. But,

simply put, "culture" refers to a group or community with which we share
common experiences that shape the way we understand the world. It
includes groups that we are born into, such as gender, race, or national
origin. It also includes groups we join or become part of.
 Six Fundamental Patterns of Cultural Differences

1.Different Communication Styles

2.Different Attitudes Toward Conflict
3.Different Approaches to Completing Tasks
4.Different Decision-Making Styles
5. Different Attitudes Toward Disclosure
6.Different Approaches to Knowing

Respecting Our Differences and Working Together

 Guidelines for Multicultural Collaboration
Learn from generalizations about other cultures, but don't use those generalizations to
stereotype.

Practice, practice, practice. That's the first rule, because it's in the doing that we actually
get better at cross-cultural communication.

Don't assume that there is one right way (yours!) to communicate.

Don't assume that breakdowns in communication occur because other people are on the
wrong track.

Try to put yourself in the other person's shoes.

Respect others' choices about whether to engage in communication with you.

Stop, suspend judgment, and try to look at the situation as an outsider.

Be prepared for a discussion of the past. Use this as an opportunity to develop an
understanding from "the other's" point of view, rather than getting defensive or impatient.

Remember that cultural norms may not apply to the behavior of any particular individual.
 Formal VS Informal Business Culture:
Informal Cultures
Australia
USA
Canada
New Zealand
Denmark, Norway and Iceland

Formal Cultures

Most of Europe and Asia

The Mediterranean Region and the Arab World
Latin America
Status Barriers:
There are four classes of international business people, who have to
operate at an even greater disadvantage when trying to sell goods to
strongly hierarchical buyers:
•People on the lower rungs of the corporate ladder in their own
company.
•Young people of either sex
•Women (some cultures give chance to women from other
countries)
•Men and women of any age involved in international sales and
marketing.

How to overcome youth barrier?

•Get introduced by an older man.

•Be a true expert in your field.
•Learn the local business protocol.
NONVERBAL BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR The Handshake

The Four Key Elements of Nonverbal Behaviour

•PROXEMICS: Spatial Behavior, Interpersonal Distance

•HAPTICS: Touch Behaviour

•OCULEICS: Gaze Behaviour, Eye-Contact

•KINESICS: Body Movements, Gestures

Germans Firm, Brisk and Frequent
French Light, Quick and Frequent
British Moderate
Latin Firm and Frequent
Americans
North Firm and Infrequent
Americans
Arabs Gentle, Repeated and Lingering
South Asians Gentle, Often Lingering
 Ambiguous Gestures
Use of Left Hand: It is considered unclean in Muslim, Hindu and Buddhist cultures.
Avoid touching people or handing them objects such as your business card with left
hand. In certain cases it is better to use both hands to give gifts as a mark of respect.
Showing the Sole of Your Shoe: The bottom of your shoe or your foot is regarded as
unclean in the same cultures.

Fist in Palm: In Southeast Asia this type of body language is similar to an obscene
sexual gesture.

Index finger Pointing: Throughout East and Southeast Asia it is rude to point at
anyone with your forefinger. Instead, use your whole hand or jerk your chin in the
direction you wish to indicate or to simply glance in the direction you wish to indicate.

•Index finger Beckoning: All over Asia this gesture is reserved for calling dogs and
prostitutes. A repeated scooping motion of the right hand is the polite way to beckon.

•Tapping Your Head: In France, Italy and Germany, if you tap your forehead or temple
with your finger while looking at someone you are saying nonverbally, “Hey, you are
stupid!” Be careful using that sign in Germany, where it is called Vogelzeigen and will
cost you a EURO 100 fine if the Polizei catch you doing it.
In Spain or Great Britain that same gesture is self-referential and means “I am so
clever!”
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.Sample size
There are two ways to select a sample: probability sampling which means that units are
selected randomly, and non-probability sampling meaning that all units do not have the
same chance to be selected Saunders (2007).

PRIMARY DATA
•Data collected from brokers and members of India Infoline Ltd.

•Data collected through questionnaires.

•Data collected through telephonic conversation.

SECONDARY DATA
•Data collected from various books.

•Data collected from newspapers and internet.

1.Limitation (if any)

This study involves a number of problem and short comings during the conduct of the
study which are given below:
•They are unwilling to provide sufficient primary data to us to prepare the report.
 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
1. Do you think the need for manpower planning is given due
consideration?
2. Is there any well defined recruitment policy?
3. In your organization the manpower requirement is
identified well in advance.
4. Is Induction Program is conducted immediately after
recruitment?
 5. What is the important process does public/ Private sector firm
following for the recruitment, kindly rate as per order?
CONCLUSION
Along with Christian religion came the rest of British or Western
culture, thought and customs and the gradual end of traditional ways
of life. Thus our traditional religions and cultures were gradually
subverted or eliminated. The new Indian converts to Christianity were
encouraged not only to give up their religion but their culture, which
often had religious or spiritual implications as well. A good Indian
Christian convert would dress like an Englishman and emulate English
manners in all things. Thus in India the Hindus converted by the
British to Christianity were encouraged to think, behave and live like
Englishmen. This is what I call Macaulayism. This term derives from
Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800 - 1859) who was a Member of the
Governor General's Council in Calcutta in the 1830s. He introduced the
English system of education to produce Brown Sahibs who were to be
English in taste and temperament. This expectation was more than
fulfilled even by 1900 and after our independence thanks to our Anglo-
Saxon Prime Minister Nehru this process has been completed with
consummate ruthlessness.
RECOMMENDATION
People around the globe are more connected to each other today
than ever before in the history of mankind. Information and money
flow more quickly than ever. Goods and services produced in one
part of the world are increasingly available in all parts of the world.
International travel is more frequent. International communication
is commonplace.
We live in an intensely interdependent world in which all the
earth's peoples with their immense differences of culture and
historical experience are compressed together in instant
communication. We face today a world of almost infinite promise
which is also a world of terminal danger. This phenomenon has been
titled 'Globalization.
The Era of Globalization' is fast becoming the preferred term for
describing the current times. Just as the Depression, the Cold War
Era, the Space Age, and the Roaring 20's are used to describe
particular periods of history; Globalization describes the political,
economic, and cultural atmosphere of today.
Thank You