Frederick John A.

Macale
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 Epic of Gilgamesh
1. Gilgamesh was a historical figure, King of
Uruk, 700 BC
2. Structure: 4 main incidents
a. Abuse of subjects and creation of Enkidu
b. Quest in Cedar Forest and killing of Humbaba
c. Death of Enkidu and Gilgamesh’s fear of
death
d. Quest for eternal life and flood story
Pantheon
1. Anu- God of Firmament. Father of gods.
2. Ishtar- Goddess of love, fertility. Queen of
Heaven.
3. Shamash- God of Sun, judge, law giver.
Husband and brother of Ishtar.
4. Enlil- Breath of Anu, God of Earth, wind and
spirit.
5. etc
Anticipated Homeric conventions of Epics
1.Setting in distant past
2.Contains origin myths, gods and semidivine
heroes
3.Heroic quest, similes (like/as)
4.Emphasis on Details (ex. Arming of heroes)
Recurrent patterns
1.Transformation: Gilgamesh, Enkidu
2.Dreams
Flood: Humorous reasons
Failed:
-for the better, better king and man
-has to accept fate, with dignity
nevertheless achieved “immortality”

Quintessentially HUMAN: fear of Death

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EXPRESSIONS
STARSTRUCKED

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 In what continent
AFRICA
can you find Egypt?

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HOW LONG IS THE
4000 miles/6,650 km
NILE RIVER?

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HOW DO YOU CALL
THE KINGS OF
PHARAOHS
EGYPT?

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THIS IS A SYSTEM
OF PICTURE-
HIEROGLYPHICS
WRITING USED IN
ANCIENT EGYPT.

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 CHINESE is to
PAPER, EGYPT is to
PAPYRUS
___________.

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THESE STRUCTURES
SERVED AS TOMBS
PYRAMIDS
FOR THE PHARAOHS

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The boy-pharaoh
famous for his
TUTANKHAMEN
funerary mask.

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What clock did the
Egyptian used
WATER CLOCK to
measure time, esp.
during nighttime?

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 What do
you call this
important
Palette of
piece
Narmerof
Egyptian
artifact?
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 ______was the
Egyptian
MA’ATgod of
order, justice
and truth.

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EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
PEDRO: Bakit mayaman ang
ilog?
JOSE: Kasi, it has TWO
BANKS!
 GIFT OF NILE
1.Without the Nile, all Egypt would be desert!

2. As it flooded, the Nile deposits fertile black

silt on its banks.
O U
K Y
3. Nile gave Egypt more than life, it gave
Egypt unity !
A N
4.The vast deserts surrounding the Nile
serve TasHnatural
! barriers against
enemies! LE
N I
EGYPT
KRONOLOHIYA
 It was far more
advanced than European
tribes of the same time
period, who were still in
the Stone Age.

Located in the northeast

corner of Africa, Egypt
grew to be an important
civilization for over three
thousand years because
of the Nile River.

Egypt was originally

divided into two
kingdoms: Upper Egypt
and Lower Egypt.
A mural of Narmer or Menes
conquering Lower Egypt (c.a.
3100 B.C.)
*Capital at Memphis, just
south of the delta
*Probably no other dynasty
in history has been so
successful in creating an
effective yet apparently
timeless form of
government. For thousands
of years Egyptian pharaohs
were able to convey to their
subjects a sense of
permanence and eternity
while constantly adjusting
the system to meet new
Three major periods: the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom and the
New Kingdom.
Long periods of stability characterized by strong monarchical authority,
competent bureaucracy, freedom from invasion, much construction of
pyramids and temples, and considerable intellectual and cultural
development and activity.
These major periods were punctuated by ages of political chaos known
as the Intermediate Periods, which were characterized by weak political
structures and rivalry for leadership, invasions, a decline in building
activity, and a restructuring of society.
Early Dynastic Period c.a. 3100-2700
B.C.
The Old Kingdom c.a. 2700-2200
B.C.
First Intermediate Period c.a. 2200-2050
B.C.
The Middle Kingdom c.a. 2050-1652
B.C.
Second Intermediate Period c.a. 1652-1567
B.C.
The New Kingdom c.a. 1567-1085
B.C.
Post-empire c.a. 1085-1030
 Relief showing men,
End of the Old women, and
Kingdom children suffering
from the effects of
severe famine
 PHARAOHS CROWNED WITH
SHEPHERD’S CROOK AND FLAIL

The Middle Kingdom (2050-1653 B.C.) was

characterized by a new concern of the pharaohs
for the people. In the Old Kingdom, the pharaoh
had been viewed as an inaccessible god-king.
Now he was portrayed as the shepherd of his
Hyksos and their Chariots
1567 B.C.: Pharaoh Ahmose I managed to defeat and
expel the Hyksos from Egypt, reuniting Egypt and
establishing the New Kingdom (c. 1567-1085 B.C.). The
New Kingdom was characterized by a new militaristic and
imperialistic path. A more professional army was
developed.

Ahmose and his army driving out the Hyksos.

Ending with Queen Cleopatra
losing her land to Augustus
Caesar and Rome
 RELIGION

• Life centered on religion

• Art and Literature dealt with religious

themes
• Polytheistic: Gods everywhere,
any form.
 GOD-KING
Pharaoh was believed by
the Egyptians to be the
supreme ruler chosen by
the gods to lead his people.

They believed that when a

man became a pharaoh, he
also became a god.

To keep the bloodline of

the gods pure, pharaohs
often married their sisters,
mothers, and cousins.
ECONOMY
•State-controlled economy

•Peasants paid taxes

 BUREAUCRACY

Collect TAXES
CONSTRUCTIO

BIG N PROJECTS
IRRIGATION

LAND SURVEY
RECORD KEEPING
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
RELATIONSHIPS
•Family as core of society

WOMEN
•Respected
•Consulted
•Enjoyed leisure
time
•Lifetime
marriage
HIEROGLYPHICS
Afterlife
EXTRA
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 CULTURE SHOCK

Eye of HORUS
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Life as it was
  OZYMANDIAS
1817: English poet Percy Bysshe Shelley
 
I met a traveller from an antique land
Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand,
Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown,
And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read
Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,
The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed:
And on the pedestal these words appear:
‘My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:
Look on my works, ye mighty, and dispair!”
Nothing besides remains. Round the decay
Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare,
The lone and level sands stretch far away.”
QUIZ