TRIGONOMETRY

- The study of the properties of the triangles and

trigonometric functions and other applications.
•  
Angle measurements – an angle (ꝋ) is the space between
two intersecting lines meeting a common point called
vertex.
• 1 revolution (rev) = 360 degrees (deg)
• 1 revolution (rev) = 2 (rad)
• 1 revolution (rev) = 400 gradians (grad)
• 1 revolution (rev) = 6400 mils
STANDARD SIGNS OF ANGLE MEASUREMENTS
• Counter-clockwise direction = (+) angle
• Clockwise direction = (-) angle
• RELATION BETWEEN TWO ANGLES (A & B)
• Complementary Angles – A + B = 90ᵒ
• Supplementary Angles – A + B = 180ᵒ
• Explementary Angles – A + B = 360ᵒ
SIX TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
FUNCTION EQUIVALENTS

sin ꝋ opp. side/ hyp. = b/c

cos ꝋ adj. side/ hyp. = a/c

tan ꝋ opp side/ adj. side = b/a

cot ꝋ adj. side/ opp. side = a/b

sec ꝋ hyp./ adj. side = c/a

csc ꝋ hyp./ opp. side = c/b

• PYTHAGOREAN
  THEOREM – It states that, in a right angle triangle, the square
of hypotenuse is equal to the squares of two sides.

• TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
• A trigonometric identity is an equation that express relations among
trigonometric functions which are true for all values of the variable involved.

• RECIPROCAL RELATIONS:
• sin ꝋ = 1/ csc ꝋ cot ꝋ = 1/ tan ꝋ
• cos ꝋ = 1/ sec ꝋ sec ꝋ = 1/ cos ꝋ
• tan ꝋ = 1/ cot ꝋ csc ꝋ = 1/ sin ꝋ
 
• TANGENT
  AND COTANGENT RELATIONS:
• tan ꝋ = sin ꝋ/cos ꝋ cot ꝋ = cos ꝋ / sin ꝋ

• PHYTHAGOREAN RELATIONS:
• sin2 ꝋ + cos2 ꝋ = 1
• 1 + cot2 ꝋ = csc2 ꝋ
• tan2 ꝋ + 1 = sec2 ꝋ

• ADDITION & SUBTRACTION FORMULAS

• sin (A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B
• cos (A B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B
• tan (A B) =
• cot (A B) =
•  DOUBLE ANGLE FORMULAS
• Sin 2ꝋ = 2 sin ꝋ cos ꝋ
• cos 2ꝋ = cos2 ꝋ - sin2 ꝋ
• tan 2ꝋ =
• HALF-ANGLE FORMULAS
• sin =
• cos =
• tan =
• POWERS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
•  
• sin2 ꝋ = ( 1 - cos 2ꝋ)

• cos2 ꝋ = ( 1 + cos 2ꝋ)

• sin3 ꝋ = ( 3 sin ꝋ - sin 3ꝋ )

• cos3 ꝋ = ( 3 cos ꝋ - cos 3ꝋ )

• STANDARD SIGNS OF THE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS IN THE FOUR QUADRANTS.

• • QUADTRANT 1

• All six trigonometric functions are positive.

• • QUADTRANT 2

• Only sine and cosecant are positive.

• • QUADTRANT 3

• Only tangent and cotangent are positive.

• • QUADTRANT 4

• Only cosine and secant are positive.

•  OBLIQUE TRIANGLE – is a triangle having no right angle.
• SINE LAW: in a triangle ABC, the ratio of a side and the sign of the opposite angle
is a constant.
• FORMULA
• = =
• COSINE LAW: In any triangle ABC, the square of any side is equal to the sum of
the other two sides diminished by twice the product of these sides and the cosine
of the included angle.
• FORMULA
• a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
• b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B
• c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
• •
  Angle of depression ( is the angle from the horizontal, down to the line of sight
from the observer to an object below.
 
• • Angle of elevation (ꝋ) is the angle from the horizontal, up to the line of sight
from the observer to an object above.

AREAS OF TRIANGLES
• • Given base height
• Area = bh
• • Given two sides and included angle
• Area = ab sin ꝋ
• • Given all three sides (Heron’s Formula)
• Area =
• s = (a + b+ c)
•Area
  of triangle inscribed in a circle radius r
• Area =
Area of triangle circumscribing a circle
• Area = rs
• s = (a + b+ c)
Area of triangle escribed in a circle
• Area = r(s – a)
• s = (a + b+ c)
 
• SIMILAR TRIANGLES: the ratio of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of any
two proportional parts of the two triangles.
• = ()2